A b s t r a c t. The study characterized the regime of nutrient leaching under different nitrogen and phosphorus supply of irrigated maize grown as monoculture on Fluvisol for the period 1999-2008 and additionally studied in the years 2009, 2010, and 2011. The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of longterm fertilizer application on the leaching of nutrients from the soil under maize grown as monoculture. The experiment design included four nitrogen fertilizer rates (B 1 -control, B 5 , B 4 , B 3 , B 2 ) calculated to compensate 50, 75, 100, and 125% from the plant N uptake, respectively. The field plots were equipped with lysimeters (at 50 and 100 cm depth) for studying the relationship between the applied fertilizer rates and the nutrient concentrations in the lysimetric water. The greatest nitrogen concentration in lysimetric water was observed under variant (B 3 -N 200 P 150 ) throughout the study period and the highest N losses were registered (36 kg ha -1 ) in 2010 under the same treatment (B 3 ). A very good correlation was found between the N rates, calcium, and magnesium losses. Lysimetric water component compensation shows that agricultural activities have only influenced the speed of weathering and had no significant effect on the rates. K e y w o r d s: fertilization, field experiment, lysimetric water, nutrients, chemical components
INTRODUCTIONThe demand and food production is expected to increase in the next decades worldwide, which will put strong pressure on the environment due to the increasingly massive use of fertilizers. Soil fertility management have an influence not only on the quantity and quality of plant production but also on the agroecosystem. However, from the ecological point of view, the impact of the strength of anthropogenic load with nitrogen fertilizers can be assessed based on the established conditions for migration of chemical elements under one-meter soil layer. Many studies have documented that the chemical composition of lysimetric water depends on the natural conditions -geology and hydrology of the land, soil type and climatic conditions, the form and amount of fertilizer used, and the processes of weathering (Atanassov et al., 1985;Meissner et al., 2010;Stoichev, 1997;Stoichev et al., 1996;Zhao, 2010). It is estimated that the rate of weathering of various minerals is a function of export of dissolved chemical elements draining the soil profile and are determined by the mineral and chemical composition of soil forming rocks (Chadwick and Chorover, 2001;Taylor and Velbel, 1991;Yakubu and Ojanuga, 2013).Some studies have been made on the climatic factors and changes that have a great impact on pedogenic weathering of minerals (White and Blum, 1995). Therefore (Atanassov, 1977), data on the content and migration of nutrients with infiltration water can provide objective information about the nature and trends in the weathering processes of soil minerals as a result of anthropogenic loading.The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of long-term fertilizer ...
