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The research objectives are to (1) provide a complete assessment of extended reality technologies and (2) discuss the viability of these technologies for use in US college aviation training programs.The field of educational services is one of the many that can benefit from utilizing extended reality technology due to its versatility. Learning and general performance of student pilots and flight trainees can benefit from applying extended reality technologies in flight training, which can be advantageous when using these technologies. We examine the utilization of XR technologies by looking at them from an educational theoretical framework and analyzing their applicability across several industries and simulations in Purdue Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. A comprehensive literature review resulted in four subtopics, which are as follows: educational theoretical foundation, XR technologies across industries; XR technologies in education; and XR technologies in aviation.Results show that the use of XR technologies has the potential for enhancing learning and performance in safe flight instruction environments, a possible reduction in student pilot turnover mainly due to the elimination of the fear factor involved during initial training when compared to flying in the actual airplane, and an overall low cost for both flight training organizations and trainees due to the high levels of portability. These findings led us to propose using XR technologies as having the potential to enhance learning and performance in safe flight instruction environments.A comprehensive understanding of the possibilities offered by XR technology is necessary for the continuation of aeronautical psychology research offered in Purdue AI laboratory.

Aviation and air travel have always been among the most innovative industries throughout history. Both the International Air Transportation Authority (IATA) Technology Roadmap (IATA, 2019) and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Artificial Intelligence (AI) roadmap propose an outline and assessment of ongoing technological prospects which change the aviation environment with the implementation of AI from the initial phases of the collegiate education. Using traditional flight simulators is an essential part of initial and recurrent training for pilots. These simulators help pilots achieve and maintain proficiency in normal and abnormal circumstances that may arise during flight operations (Myers et al., 2018). The upskilling performed through simulators are typically completed at a far cheaper cost than the training completed in the air. However, the capital cost of simulator units can range from USD 10-15 million, which results in an exorbitant cost recovery of approximately USD 1,500 per session (Bent & Chan, 2010). This makes it expensive for air carriers and undergraduate pilot training programs to comply with mandated flight and simulator training requirements. In addition, because the COVID-19 epidemic is so widespread, companies that provide flight training have been entrusted with developing novel ways to instruct their students, such as through remote pilot-to-student education. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (2020) acknowledges the use of non-traditional technologies that can successfully fulfill the requirement for ongoing training in ever-changing regulatory standards. The following four steps follow a simple-to-complex implementation approach that is advocated for using AI in the instruction provided by college aviation programs: 1.) Activities relating to outreach and recruitment 2.) Introducing new students to the PFP (Professional Flight Program). 3.) Additional training in addition to fundamental and advanced jet instruction 4.) Research aimed at mastery of pilot competencies, increasing student self-efficacy, and decreasing the number of crew operations.Alterations to aviation training will affect the performance of humans and decision-making. The research used an AI methodology that accepted "any technology that appears to replicate the performance of a person." The AI approach followed this broad definition. The thematically selected research on AI decision-making in collegiate aviation trainees' perception and experience was structured based on an analysis of the available literature concerning the current uses of AI in aviation. The use of artificial intelligence in pilots' training and operations was investigated through a combination of interviews with Subject Matter Experts (including Human Factors analysts, AI analysts, training managers, examiners, instructors, qualified pilots, and pilots under training) and questionnaires (which were distributed to a group consisting of professional pilots and pilots under training).The findings were reviewed and evaluated concerning the appropriateness of the AI training syllabus and the notable differences between them in terms of the decision-making component.

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