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The authors present a compact four‐element multiple‐input–multiple‐output antenna with the potential to operate in WiMAX frequency bands, with its elements being not only closely spaced but also electrically small. Split‐ring resonators or metal stipes are utilised to achieve both goals, that is element miniaturisation and reduction of mutual coupling. The design process is systematic, as it deals with both issues quite separately. Very low values of the envelope correlation coefficient and overall good performance are obtained, without compromising planarity and simplicity.

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Abstract-This work evaluates interference mitigation mechanisms to enable the operation of self-organizing hybrid terrestrial-satellite networks with aggressive frequency reuse between terrestrial and also satellite links. The objective is to take advantage of the improved capacity and resilience to congestion of such networks while assuring and efficient use of the spectrum. In particular, single-and multi-user hybrid analog-digital beamforming (HADB) techniques are considered as well as hybrid carrier allocation. The simulation results show network spectral efficiency improvements, with respect to conventional terrestrial backhaul systems, up to 2x when applying carrier allocation, and between 3.5x to 9x applying HADB in different environments.

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