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Background:The development of full endoscopic procedures enables surgeons to visualize the operative field very clearly. Posterior foraminotomy using endoscopy was developed as a minimally invasive procedure to reduce the complication of the anterior cervical approach and to preserve the segmental motion without decreasing the effectiveness of nerve decompression. Our aim is to evaluate the result of full endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy in our center. Methods: This is a prospective single-arm study of 65 foraminal disc herniation and foraminal stenosis patients that underwent full endoscopic posterior foraminotomy procedures. All patients were routinely observed for 12-months duration to evaluate Visual Analog Score (VAS) of the neck, arm, and modified Macnab criteria. Results: Arm pain VAS decreased significantly compared with the pre-operation state (p < 0.001, 0.034, 0.001 on immediate post-operative, 6-months follow-up, and 12-months follow-up, respectively) even though 6.15% of patients had hypesthesia on follow-up. There was no neck pain observed during 1 year follow-up, and modified Macnab criteria showed a good outcome following full endoscopic posterior foraminotomy. Conclusion: Full endoscopic posterior foraminotomy provides good nerve decompression with all the benefits of endoscopic spine procedure.

Background The kyphotic deformity is more than just a cosmetic disfigurement. It is potentially life-threatening and disturbs the quality of life by causing cardiopulmonary dysfunction, spinal imbalance, and other associated problems. Corrective surgery is challenging but it is needed to bring the spinal balance back thus halting the progressiveness of the deformity. The cantilever technique is a gold standard to correct the sagittal plane deformity. Methods This is a review article with some case illustrations from Author's experience. Objective We aim to review the cantilever technique for kyphotic correction in spondylitis tuberculosis patients. Conclusion The cantilever technique is the standard for sagittal plane deformity correction that can be applied for kyphotic deformity correction in spondylitis tuberculosis cases. Developing the safest techniques and instrumentation is crucial to achieving spinal balance with minimal risk of morbidities.

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Several types of laminoplasty spacer have been used to fill bone gaps and maintain a widened canal. A 3D scaffold can be used as an alternative spacer to minimize the risk observed in allografts or autografts. This study aims to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility and tissue–scaffold integration of a polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold with the addition of alginate/hydroxyapatite (HA) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSc) injections. This is an experimental study with a pretest and post-test control group design. A total of 15 laminoplasty rabbit models were divided into five groups with variations in the autograft, PLA, HA/alginate, and MSc scaffold. In general, there were no signs of inflammation in most samples (47%), and there were no samples with areas of necrosis. There were no significant differences in the histopathological results and microstructural assessment between the five groups. This demonstrates that the synthetic scaffolds that we used had a similar tissue reaction and tissue integration profile as the autograft (p > 0.05). We recommend further translational studies in humans so that this biocompatible fabricated scaffold can be used to fill bone defects.