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Background: There is a large research body that investigate the effect of gender on children language development across different ages and language aspects, but in spite of certain observed differences in language development, there is no proved finding to conclude superiority of one gender above the other. Semantics (the study of meaning), as one of the important language aspects is affected by gender, but the real question is weather this effect is statistically significant or it can just be disregarded as it is too weak to count for Aim of the work: to study the effect of gender on the performance of Arabic Speaking Sudanese Children in semantic skills testing.Methods: 180 Sudanese Arabicspeaking children with normal language development participated in the study in the age range between 2-8 years. The language assessment was done by using the Modified Preschool Language Scale-4 th edition (PLS-4). The semantic skills were assessed by the Sudanese Arabic Speaking Semantic Skills test. Results:The study showed no statistically significant gender (male or female) effects on the SASST performance. Female showed slightly higher mean of total receptive and total score compared to males which is still statistically not significant. Conclusion:No significant gender differences were documented among children at least for the age group studied (2-8) years. More digging is to be used for more conclusive outcome.

Background: Velopharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI) is the most common seen disorder in children with associated craniofacial developmental anomalies of which cleft palate is the most common. Overt cleft palate, in both before and after repair, is by far the most common cause of VPI. Computerized tomography (CT scan) is used to assess mobility of the velum, lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls, but it needs a cooperative patient (>5years). Its advantages are the easy definition of measured parameters, the provision of automated numerical value regarding the size of velopharyngeal gap and the amount of displacement of each wall as well as the provision information about the vertical level of closure of the velopharyngeal port referring to surrounding structures. Aim of the work: To analyze the CT findings and its correlation to severity of the hypernasality in velopharyngeal insufficiency patients.patients and methods: This study was applied on 50 patients with age ranging from 20 -60 years, from January 2017 to December 2020, diagnosed hypernasality caused by velopharyngeal insufficiency, from the outpatient Phoniatric clinic at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Each patient was subjected to the following:1-Auditory perceptual assessment (APA) to assess hypernasality presence and degrees. 2-Computrixed tomography (facial view) over the velopharyngeal valve to assess the valvular functions. To compare CT findings of the velopharyngeal port to the severity of the hypernasality in patients.Results: It showed that mild degree hyper-nasality will be seen in CT as valve gap (while sustained vowel production) with mean of 1.914 mm gap ranging from (0.03 -5.23 mm) in 17 cases. While moderate degree hyper-nasality showed CT valve gap with mean of 5.75 range from (2.05-10 mm) in 16 cases. Moderately severe hyper nasality showed CT valve gap with mean of 7.09 range valve gap (3.45-11mm) in 12 cases. Severe degree hyper-nasality showed CT valve gap mean of 10.42 ranges from (7.05-13 mm) in 5 cases. The overlapping between ranges in different degrees of nasality was obvious Conclusion:The present study showed that CT scan measurement suggestive of severity in moderate to severe degrees of hypernasality more than mild and mild to moderate degrees.