The article presents an analytical review of modern domestic and foreign research on the sociology of corruption and the psychology of a corrupt person. The necessity of an interdisciplinary study of attitudes towards corruption as well as mental and situational prerequisites for corrupt behavior is substantiated. The empirical results presented in the article are based on data from a large-scale survey conducted in 2018 by experts from the All-Russian “Znanie” Society in cooperation with the National Education Resources Foundation. As a result of the study, a detailed picture of Russians’ ideas about the essence and causes of corruption in Russia, typical behavioral reactions to corrupt situations, and the degree of the citizens’ interest in overcoming corruption was obtained. In the course of a survey of Russians, the dominant ideas about the consequences of corrupt actions were revealed, and feedback was obtained on the effectiveness of methods to fight corruption. There are contradictions in the attitude of the Russians to corruption, which were revealed. The overwhelming majority of respondents avoids corrupt behavior and understand the costs of corruption for the country’s economy and social development. Almost half of the respondents consider corrupt practices an immoral act, but they will not hesitate to violate legal and cultural norms when it comes to the threat to life and specialized medical care for themselves and loved ones. With a high degree of condemnation of corrupt behavior and recognition of severe punishment of corrupt officials as the most effective measures, the Russians are practically not ready to support the institutions of control and punishment, to participate in the suppression of corruption. The results obtained can be useful for the continued search for reasons of why Russians have a relatively tolerant attitude towards corruption, as well as the reasons for their involvement in corrupt behavior.

Роль искусственного интеллекта в антикоррупционном рекрутингеНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», ул. Мясницкая,

Introduction. In accordance with the Bucharest Declaration of Ethical Values and Principles of Higher Education (2004), modern universities cannot be considered only as scientific and technical “factories” in isolation from values and ethical norms. In accordance with their mission in society, they should “contribute in every possible way to the establishment and inculcation of the highest moral standards”.In this article, the problem of training future government and municipal employees in the Russian universities of the country is actualised based on the analysis of the research results of their ethical attitudes in order to indirectly assess the effectiveness of anti-corruption training of students of specialised educational programmes in the areas of “Government and Municipal Administration” and “Law”.Aim. The present empirical study aimed to identify the ethical attitudes of future officials in comparison with future entrepreneurs, as well as with the employees of commercial companies and government officials.Methodology and research methods. The authors conducted an online research. The research involved 874 people. The main test sample (134 students) consisted of two groups: students of the speciality “Government and Municipal Administration” and “Law” (70 people), and students of business education programmes (64 people). The background sample consisted of the government and municipal employees (39.0% of the total sample) and the employees of commercial companies (36.5%), as well as the representatives of NGOs (6.8%). In the course of a comparative study, using the questionnaire “Moral Views (Amoralism)-2” by E. A. Bulgakova, and the scale of the “Dark Future” by Z. Zalessky, the authors tested the hypothesis on the samples of future officials and future business representatives. The tested hypothesis was based on some works of foreign authors and consisted of the fact that future Russian entrepreneurs were expected to have a higher degree of relativism (than future officials), supporting personal moral standards and rejecting universal moral principles.Results. The tested hypothesis was not confirmed by the research results. Compared to future entrepreneurs, future officials are significantly more likely to justify the act of appropriation, deception due to omissions, and revenge within the law. Future officials turned out to have higher indicators on the scales of cynicism, aggressiveness and hostility than students in the field of business education. In addition, future civil servants have more uncertainty about whether they will be able to take place in life, fears about possible collisions with life crises and difficulties, as well as anxiety for their future. Existing university ethics training programmes often only strengthen relativistic views and form deviant behaviour in the future.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that the authors carried out theoretical analysis and empirical research, which consisted in the study of ethical attitudes among the representatives of two professional groups.Practical significance. As part of the development of training programmes, it is advisable to increase the emphasis on structurally mature ethical attitudes of professionals, especially state and municipal employees.

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Based on a review of publications of Russian and foreign researchers, the authors highlight the most significant topics on the deontology of university life. The article presents the results of an analysis of the texts of ethical codes of some leading universities in Russia (National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, Kazan Federal University, Ural Federal University), as well as the results of an online survey (N = 297) of teachers of these universities. The survey was conducted to study the attitude of the teaching staff towards the tools for standardizing the moral culture of universities and the implementation of the values enshrined in the ethical standards of universities and ideals of academic community. Conclusions are made about the ethical attitudes of teachers and the effectiveness of moral regulation, as well as proposals for improving the ethical codes of universities are made.