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In clinical settings, the pectineal ligament forms a basic landmark for surgical approaches. However, to date, the detailed fascial topography of this ligament is not well understood. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the pectineal ligament including its fascial connections to surrounding structures. The spatial-topographical relations of 10 fresh and embalmed specimens were dissected, stained, slice plastinated, and analyzed macroscopically, and in three cases histological approaches were also used. The pectineal ligament is attached ventrally and superiorly to the pectineus muscle, connected to the inguinal ligament by the lacunar ligament and to the tendinous origin of rectus abdominis muscle and the iliopubic tract. It forms a site of origin for the internal obturator muscle, and throughout its curved course, the ligament attaches to both the fasciae of iliopsoas and the internal obturator muscle. However, dorsally, these fasciae pass free from the bone, while the pectineal ligament itself is adhered to it. The organ fasciae are seen apart from the pectineal ligament and its connections. The pectineal ligament seems to form a connective tissue junction between the anterior and medial compartment of the thigh. This ligament, however, is free to other compartments arisen from the embryonal gut and to the urogenital ridge. These features of the pectineal ligament are important to consider during orthopedic and trauma surgical approaches, in gynecology, hernia and incontinence surgery, and in operations for pelvic floor and neovaginal reconstructions. Clin. Anat. 32:961-969, 2019.

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Purpose To report the challenging therapeutic approach and the clinical outcome of patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis transmitted due to infected retroperitoneal regions of primary infected mycotic aortic aneurysms (MAAs) or secondary infected aortic stent grafts after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods Between 2012 and 2019, all patients suffering from spondylodiscitis based on a transmitted infection after the EVAR procedure were retrospectively identified. Patient data were analysed regarding the time between primary and secondary EVAR infection and spondylodiscitis detection, potential source of infection, pathogens, antibiotic treatment, complications, recovery from infection, mortality, numeric rating scale (NRS), COBB angle and cage subsidence. Results Fifteen patients with spondylodiscitis transmitted from primary or secondary infected aortic aneurysms after EVAR were included. The median follow-up time was 8 months (range 1–47). Surgery for spondylodiscitis was performed in 12 patients. In 9 patients, the infected graft was treated conservatively. MAAs were treated in 4 patients first with percutaneous aortic stent graft implantation followed by posterior surgery of the infected spinal region in a two-step procedure. Infection recovery was recorded in 11 patients during follow-up. The overall mortality rate was 27% (n = 4). The mean pain intensity improved from an NRS score of 8.4 (3.2–8.3) to 3.1 (1.3–6.7) at the last follow-up. Conclusion EVAR was used predominantly to treat primary infected MAAs. Secondary infected grafts were treated conservatively. Independent of vascular therapy, surgery of the spine led to recovery in most cases. Thus, surgery should be considered for the treatment of EVAR- and MAA-related spondylodiscitis.