Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan serta proses berpikir dan pertimbangan mahasiswa dalam membuat desain poster. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan subjek sebanyak sebelas mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah yang mengikuti perkuliahan Sejarah Afrika. Instrumen penelitian berupa tugas membuat poster tematik tentang kerajaan di Afrika dan wawancara untuk mengetahui proses berpikir serta pertimbangan dan pemahaman komunikasi visual mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sembilan subjek mengaplikasikan skema Colour Theory dan Colour Harmony walaupun subjek belum mengenal teori tersebut. Hanya dua subjek yang belum mengaplikasikan skema warna Visibilitas huruf pada poster cukup jelas walaupun terdapat delapan subjek memilih warna yang tidak sesuai dengan skema poster dan terdapat dua subjek memilih jenis huruf display yang tidak sesuai dengan hierarki teks. Pemilihan gambar cukup sesuai dengan materi karena hal tersebut menjadi pertimbangan utama dalam membuat poster. Akan tetapi, terdapat satu subjek yang memilih gambar cukup vulgar, sehingga kurang sesuai bagi pembaca pada jenjang pendidikan SD sampai SMA. Secara umum subjek tidak mempertimbangkan target pembaca. Hanya satu subjek yang mempertimbangkan target pembaca, bahkan teridentifikasi menggunakan User-Centered Design.
Tantangan pembelajaran sejarah yang makin beragam. Salah satunya yang sering diulang adalah mengenai seberapa relevan dan kontekstualnya matapelajaran sejarah bagi peserta didik. Pembelajaran sejarah bencana adalah salah satu alternatif yang bisa diimplementasikan di kelas. Sejarah bencana dipilih karena relevansinya dengan kehidupan sehari-hari dan yang ada di sekitar siswa. Fakta bahwa Indonesia merupakan negara rawan bencana dengan total di kuartal awal 2021 mencapai 763 bencana alam adalah alasan lain yang menunjukkan urgensi pembelajaran sejarah bencana. Artikel ini ditulis menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan menganalisis beberapa referensi yang terkait. Penggunaan sejarah lingkungan dan bencana sebagai materi pembelajaran diharapkan dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi pendidik untuk mengembangkan dan menerapkan pembelajaran yang mengakomodir isu-isu faktual di sekitar siswa sehingga matapelajaran sejarah tidak kehilangan relevansi, meningkatkan sikap kritis, berpikir historis, dan memunculkan empati historis. KEYWORDSsejarah bencana; sejarah lingkungan; pembelajaran kontekstual. ABSTRAKThe challenges of learning history are increasingly diverse. One of the issues that often get repeated is about how relevant and contextual history subjects are for students. Learning the history of disasters is an alternative that can be implemented in the classroom. The history of disasters was chosen because of its relevance to students' life. The fact that Indonesia is a disaster-prone country with a total of 763 natural disasters in the first quarter of 2021 is another reason that shows the urgency of learning disaster history. This article used literature method by analyzing related references. The use of environmental and disaster history as learning material is expected to be an inspiration for educators to develop and create a learning process that accommodates factual issues around students so that the subject doesn't lose its relevance. Learning history is expected to increase critical thinking, historical thinking, and generate historical empathy. KATA KUNCIdisaster history; kata-kata kunci 2; environmental history; contextual learning.
For decades, historians have been divided and stood on different polarities of history. Half of them described history as it consists of facts and a series of scientifically proven events and some were insisting that history has a special relationship with human life that could be explained from various perspectives. Ranke emphasized the importance of preventing historians from including their prevailing theories and relying on primary sources. Meanwhile, Robinson and Annales historians were against the dominance. They proposed the use of social science and other points of view to define histories differently from what Ranke did (which mostly is dominated by political factors). This paper aims to explain historiography’s development and to introduce the psychological factor as one of the aspects of historical explanation. The research is a kind of qualitative research that uses the literature study. The research found that historiography has been developed from a single-factor style to multi-view historiography. Psychohistory is one of the rising fields to be studied.
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