Background: The improper use of insulin usually leads to some unexpected effects, hence, there is a need for right usage. Lack of knowledge and of understanding are key factors leading to the occurrence of medication errors, which could be avoided with proper education. Therefore, an appealing education alternative, such as video, is needed to improve patient’s knowledge and attitudes towards insulin therapy. Design and Methods: One-group pretest and posttest design were conducted on 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were receiving subcutaneous insulin therapy at Internal Medicine Unit in Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital. The patients filled the provided questionnaires to measure their knowledge and attitudes, before and after watching the video on insulin therapy education. Then, data obtained were analysed with SPSS using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test Method. Results: Based on the results, there was an increase in the value of the patient’s knowledge, with the value of Z=-8.212 and P<0.05. Similarly, there was an increase in the patient’s attitudes with the value of Z=-8.234 and P<0.05. Conclusions: Insuline therapy video increases the knowledge and improves the attitude of diabetes mellitus patients towards insulin therapy.

Background: Breakthrough pain is an exacerbation of pain occurring in patients with chronic pain who receive opioid therapy every day. Breakthrough pain has not been routinely recognized, evaluated and treated. This study aimed to analyze the utilization of opiates analgesics, including dose regimentation, frequency of use, and the actual adverse effects in cancer patients with breakthrough pain.Methods: Data were collected by the retrospective method in the period from January to December 2017.Patients involved received opioids around the clock for treating background pain and rescue medication for treating breakthrough pain. The percentage of the rescue medication dose was calculated based on the total daily opioid dose to treat background pain. Descriptive analysis was used.Results: From 335 visits, there were 334 of patient visit where the patient received immediate-release morphine as a rescue medication with a dose percentage between 6.67-60%, and 1 visit where the patient received codeine with a dose percentage of 16.67%. Of 335 visits, 233 patient visits received the right proportion of opioid rescue medication doses, while 102 patient visits received a greater dose proportion than the recommended dose of 5-20%.Conclusions: Immediate-release morphine is the most commonly prescribed analgesic to treat breakthrough pain and used at 6.67-60% of daily dose with the frequency of use between 2 to 6 times a day. There were 189 (56.42%) patient visits when the patient experienced the adverse effects of the opioid. The identified actual adverse effects are constipation, nausea, and vomiting.

Objectives Tobacco smoking remains the primary cause of preventable mortality and morbidity in the world. The complexity of the nicotine dependency process included the withdrawal effect that triggers recurrence being the main problem. Quercetin, known as an antioxidant, binds free radicals and modulates endogenous antioxidants through Nrf2 activations is expected as a potential agent to reduce the risk of nicotine dependence. This research aims to evaluate quercetin’s effects on reducing the risk of nicotine addiction. Methods Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) with a biased design was used to evaluate nicotine’s reward effects in male Balb/C mice. Preconditioning test was performed on day 1; conditioning test was done twice daily on day 2–4 by administering quercetin (i.p.) 50 mg/kg along with nicotine (s.c.) 0.5 mg/kg or Cigarette Smoke Extract (CSE) (s.c.) contained nicotine 0.5 mg/kg; and postconditioning test was performed on day 5 continue with extinction test on day 6, 8, 10, 12, and reinstatement test on day 13. The duration spent in each compartment was recorded and analyzed. Results Nicotine 0.5 mg/kg and CSE 0.5 mg/kg significantly induced reward effects (p<0.05). There was no decrease of reward effect during the extinction-reinstatement stage of the postconditioning phase (p>0.05), while quercetin 50 mg/kg both induced along with nicotine or CSE was able to inhibit the reward effect of nicotine (p>0.05). Conclusions Quercetin reduced the risk of nicotine dependence and has a potential effect to use as a therapy for nicotine dependence, especially as a preventive agent.

BackgroundPrevious studies suggest a highly variable response of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). This may be because the response to AEDs has been changed to sustained period of freedom from seizures. This study was conducted to determine whether therapeutic changes of AEDs in the treatment of seizure would be observable in an Indonesian population.MethodsThe study was conducted at the outpatient neurology polyclinic at the Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. This was an observational retrospective cohort study, examining the outcomes of 41 cases of switching AEDs (increase or decrease of the dose, switch to branded or generic, or added or reduced type of AEDs).ResultsAfter treatment with the switched AED, seizure did not show any significant improvement. However, the incidence of seizure during and after the therapeutic change showed a downward trend (from 44% to 32%).ConclusionsAccording to the present study, mere optimization of antiepileptic therapy may not result in a steep decrease in seizure events, particularly in polytherapy with AEDs. On the other hand, monotherapy with AEDs evidences to decreasing tendency of seizures.

Pendahuluan: Apoteker adalah profesi kesehatan yang kompeten terkait pengelolaan obat-obatan. Banyak upaya yang dilakukan oleh organisasi profesi agar peranan Apoteker dalam melakukan pekerjaan kefarmasian lebih dirasakan kehadirannya. Siswa lulusan SMA merupakan calon mahasiswa yang akan meneruskan jenjang pendidikan ke tingkat lebih lanjut, sehingga pengetahuan calon mahasiswa terkait sebuah profesi penting diamati untuk mengetahui strategi promosi pendidikan farmasi yang dapat dilakukan. Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengetahuan siswa lulusan SMA terhadap tugas Apoteker diberbagai lingkungan kerja kefarmasian Metode: Studi ini merupakan studi cross sectional dengan metode pengambilan accidental sampling. Total 128 siswa lulusan SMA diberikan kuesioner yang berisi pertanyaan terkait tugas Apoteker diberbagai bidang kerja kefarmasian, selanjutnya hasil kuesioner tersebut dilakukan penilaian terkait tingkat pengetahuan. Hasil: Dari studi ini didapatkan persentase siswa yang memiliki pengetahuan baik terkait perihal yang dipelajari dalam  pendidikan farmasi hanya 37 (28,91%.) responden. Pengetahuan baik tentang pekerjaan kefarmasian yang dilakukan seorang Apoteker paling tinggi adalah dilingkungan kerja pengawasan obat dan makanan yakni sebesar 87 (67,97%) responden, selanjutnya Apotek 85 (66,41%) responden, Rumah Sakit 77 (60,16%) responden  dan Industri 68 (53,12%) responden.  Kesimpulan: Skor pengetahuan siswa lulusan SMA terkait tugas Apoteker tertinggi adalah di area pengawasan obat dan makanan, sedangkan paling rendah di area industri.