Aims: The study aims to isolate, evaluate bile tolerance and antibiogram studies of potential probiotics (Lactobacillus spp) from locally fermented Food Products (Akamu, Aqua Rafa® Yoghurt, Ogiri, Okpeye) and Kunu at Beach Market, Nsukka. Study Design: A ten - fold serial dilution and spread plate method using De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium was adopted for isolation of potential Probionts. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, between March - September, 2018. Methodology: Only catalase negative and Gram positive isolates characteristic of lactobacilli were used. Bile tolerance test was performed by monitoring the bacterial growth at different Bile salt concentrations (0.2%, 0.3% and 2%). The antibiogram of the isolates was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against commercial antibiotic discs of ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, methicillin and erythromycin. Results: All the 18 screened isolates were tolerant to bile salt at 0.2 % and 0.3 % with inhibition of growth at 2 % bile concentration. All isolates were observed to be resistant to methicillin (100 %) but very sensitive to gentamycin (11%) and ciprofloxacin (22%) respectively. The isolates showed intermediate resistance to other antibiotics: vancomycin (33%), erythromycin (33%) and ampicillin (44%). The decreasing pattern of resistance was thus: methicillin > ampicillin > vancomycin and erythromycin > ciprofloxacin > gentamycin. Isolates from Yoghurt (66.67%) and Ogiri (53.33%) provided most of the resistant isolates. Methicillin would provide best antagonist potential as all the isolates exhibited very high level of resistance (100 %). Conclusion: These results suggest that all the eighteen potential Lactobacillus spp strain show potential for probiotic applications and the locally fermented food products are rich sources of probionts.

Potential Biodeteriogens of indoor and outdoor surfaces (coated with gloss, emulsion and text coat paints) within the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria were investigated. Potential Biodeteriogens implicated in deterioration of painted surfaces were bacteria, fungi, microalgae and cyanobacteria. The total heterotrophic bacteria counts and total fungal counts for outdoor and indoor painted surfaces ranged from 2.8 x 10 6 to 9.00 x 10 6 cfu/g paint scrape, 1.56 x 10 4 to 6.6 x 10 4 cfu/g paint scrape; and 1.1 x 10 6 to 6.5 x 10 6 cfu/g paint scrapes, 1.31 x 10 4 to 9.8 x 10 4 cfu/g paint scrapes respectively. The result of THB and TF count expressed graphically showed surfaces with increasing order of microbial load: Gloss paints < Text coat paint < Emulsion paints. Predominant bacterial genera isolated from the surfaces include Bacillus (29.0%), Pseudomonas (22.6%),

Due to the increasing limitations and negative impacts of the current options for preventing and managing diseases, including chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation, alternative therapies are needed, especially ones utilizing and maximizing natural products (NPs). NPs abound with diverse bioactive primary and secondary metabolites and compounds with therapeutic properties. Marine probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that inhabit marine environments and can benefit their hosts by improving health, growth, and disease resistance. Several studies have shown they possess potential bioactive and therapeutic actions against diverse disease conditions, thus opening the way for possible exploitation of their benefits through their application. Pseudoalteromonas spp. are a widely distributed heterotrophic, flagellated, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, and gram-negative marine probiotic bacteria species with reported therapeutic capabilities, including anti-cancer and -bacterial effects. This review discusses the basic concepts of marine probiotics and their therapeutic effects. Additionally, a survey of the anticancer and antibacterial effects of Pseudoalteromonas spp. is presented. Finally, marine probiotic production, advances, prospects, and future perspectives is presented.

Antimicrobial activity against entero-pathogens and tolerance to acid stress are crucial characters of probiotic bacteria. Lactobacillus spp. isolates were phenotypically characterized using colony observation, catalase test and Gram stain reaction. The pH (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5) tolerance of each isolate was evaluated at 0 and 4 h. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were tested against pathogenic strains of Bacillus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the isolates screened, 20 were Gram positive and catalase negative. In an agar well diffusion, isolate O 4 resulted in the highest inhibition zone diameter, 13 mm against P. aeruginosa while isolates OK 4 , UK 1, P 2 , P 3 and P 4 did not produce any inhibition zones against any of the pathogens tested. Isolate Y 1 showed the broadest inhibitory activity against the pathogens tested inhibiting all the pathogens tested except S. typhimurium. The pH tolerability studies showed that the isolates proliferated more at lower acidic pH: 1.5 > 2.5 > 3.5. Food products containing Ogiri, Ukpaka, Okpeye, Akamu and Yoghurt provides useful sources of probiotic bacteria.