Background & objectives:Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a major challenge to patient safety and have serious public health implications by changing the quality of life of patients and sometimes causing disability or even death. The true burden of HAI remains unknown, particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to estimate point prevalence of HAI and study the associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India.Methods:A series of four cross-sectional point prevalence surveys were carried out between March and August 2014. Data of each patient admitted were collected using a structured data entry form. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines were used to identify and diagnose patients with HAI.Results:Overall prevalence of HAI was 3.76 per cent. Surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (25%), medical ICU (20%), burns ward (20%) and paediatric ward (12.17%) were identified to have significant association with HAI. Prolonged hospital stay [odds ratio (OR=2.81), mechanical ventilation (OR=18.57), use of urinary catheter (OR=7.89) and exposure to central air-conditioning (OR=8.59) had higher odds of acquiring HAI (P<0.05).Interpretation & conclusions:HAI prevalence showed a progressive reduction over successive rounds of survey. Conscious effort needs to be taken by all concerned to reduce the duration of hospital stay. Use of medical devices should be minimized and used judiciously. Healthcare infection control should be a priority of every healthcare provider. Such surveys should be done in different healthcare settings to plan a response to reducing HAI.

Aims and Objective:To study the efficacy, safety and clinical outcome of patients undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy in the treatment of acutely inflamed appendix. Materials and Methods: Laparoscopic Appendicectomy is used as day to day procedure for acute appendicitis. Case study of 42 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy is studied in prospective data analysing duration of intraoperative time, complications during surgery, after surgery complications, time until resumption of orals, joining back to work, postoperative debility and length of hospital admission. Results: Total 42 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy 21 were male and 21 were female with the mean age of patient undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy was 26.66 years. Pain in abdomen was most common symptom followed by nausea. All patients were discharged at around second day. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendicectomy patients were admitted for lesser duration and their post operative pain was of less intensity. Patients of laparoscopic appendicectomy were started oral diet earlier.

Introduction: Surgical site infections are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, increase in hospital stay and enhanced cost of health care. Objective of present study is to analyse the incidence of surgical site infections after major abdominal surgeries and risk factors for development of SSIs. Methods: It is observational study carried out at

Background: The closure of such a laparotomy wound is important to minimize the postoperative complications like wound pain, infection, dehiscence and incisional hernia. Aims: The objectives of this study was to study the various techniques of midline laparotomy incision closure and their outcomes like wound dehiscence, wound infection and incisional hernia up to six months. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients who were operated for midline laparotomy were included as subject material after they satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Most common indication of laparotomy in the study was gastric ulcer perforation. Incidence rate of surgical site infection, wound dehiscence and incisional hernia was lower in cases of smaller bite length. Incidence rate of surgical site infection wound dehiscence and incisional hernia was lower with continuous suturing. Conclusion: The study results showed that best technique for midline laparotomy incision closure is small bite continuous suturing with mass closure. The small bites technique with continuous suturing showed better results than small bite technique with interrupted suturing. Present study thus recommends that small bite continuous suturing with mass closure should be considered as the standard closure technique for midline incisions.

a b s t r a c tBackground: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is emerging in wide variety of nosocomial and community acquired pathogens. Widespread and often inappropriate use of broad spectrum antimicrobial agents is recognized as a significant contributing factor to the development and spread of bacterial resistance. This study was conducted to gain insight * Corresponding author.E-mail address: nairvelu2000@yahoo.com (V. Nair).Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Keywords:Hospital acquired infection Antibiotic sensitivity Antifungal sensitivity MicroorganismsAntimicrobial use into the prevalent antimicrobial prescribing practices, and antimicrobial resistance pattern in nosocomial pathogens at a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India.Methods: Series of one day cross sectional point prevalence surveys were carried out on four days between March and August 2014. All eligible in patients were included in the study. A structured data entry form was used to collect the data for each patient. Relevant samples were collected for microbiological examination from all the clinically identified hospital acquired infection cases.Results: 41.73% of the eligible patients (95% CI: 39.52e43.97) had been prescribed at least one antimicrobial during their stay in the hospital. Beta-lactams (38%) were the most prescribed antimicrobials, followed by Protein synthesis inhibitors (24%). Majority of the organisms isolated from Hospital acquired infection (HAI cases) were found to be resistant to the commonly used antimicrobials viz: Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Amikacin, Gentamicin and Monobactams.Conclusion: There is need to have regular antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance and dissemination of this information to the clinicians. In addition, emphasis on the rational use of antimicrobials, antimicrobial rotation and strict adherence to the standard treatment guidelines is very essential.