The traditional systems of medicine have used the herbs successfully to treat many diseases. The folklore medicine also advocates the use of herbs for diseases. So having this in mind this review article focuses on collecting the documentation of all the research work that is performed on Indigofera and is the segregation of the pharmacology, chemistry and traditional claims of the activities that are attributed to the plant.

BACKGROUND In the supra and intercondylar fractures of femur particularly with intra articular extension, patient may develop stiffness of knee, shortening, rotational deformities, internal derangement of knee with instability, varus and valgus deformities which affect patient's routine lifestyle. If these cases were treated with locking compression plate, the results obtained were successful, superior, timesaving providing early ambulation and least disability improving the functional outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective interventional study. This study includes 25 supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of femur (both Muller's Type 'A', Type B and Type 'C' fractures) treated with open reduction and internal fixation by Locking Compression Plate in the Department of Orthopaedics, King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam from September 2013 to September 2015. There are 16 males and 9 females with age ranging from 20 to 80 years with an average of 44.6 years. Average age for males is 28.9 years and average age for females is 25 years. 18 fractures were due to road traffic accidents and 6 cases are due to fall from significant heights, 1 case due to simple fall from standing (osteoporosis). 15 cases were in right femur (60%) and 10 cases were in left femur (40%). RESULTS 25 cases were included in the study. There is an increase in the rate of union, decreased time taken for union, increased knee range of motion, decreased time for weight-bearing, postoperative complications and duration for hospital stay. CONCLUSION LCP proved to be a good implant which could take the challenges like poor bone stock, severe comminution both metaphyseal and articular and prove successful. The locking head screws distally have prevented varus collapse, even in cases of osteoporosis. The Condylar LCP can be used in either an open or a minimally invasive manner.

BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION: Management of tibial plateau fractures had witnessed tremendous improvement in surgical techniques over the past decades. Conservative treatment of these fractures results in consistently poor results. The present literature supports that absolute anatomical reduction and stable fixation of peri articular fractures followed by early post-operative rehabilitation is crucial for good results. And if this is achieved by minimal damage to soft tissue the results are much better. In this study it is achieved by arthroscopy and fluoroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have conducted a prospective study between September 2009 to august 2013 including 9 patients with tibial plateau fractures treated with combined arthroscopic and fluoroscopic reduction and internal fixation with or without bone grafting. And then the radiographic and functional evaluation done. RESULTS: According to Hohl's clinical and radiographic scoring systems 4 patients were assessed excellent, 3 good, 2 fair. According to Rasmussen's clinical scoring system 4 patients excellent, 3 good and 2 fair results. CONCLUSION: The use of arthroscopy and fluoroscopy in the management of tibial plateau fractures results in good outcome. It also helped to simultaneously treat the meniscal injuries. But its use is mainly limited to Shatzkar type1, 2, 3, 4.

BACKGROUND: Tremendous advance in mechanization and fastness of travel have been accompanied by steep increase in number and severity of fractures and those of tibial plateau are no exception. Knee being one of the major weight bearing joints of the body, fractures around it will be of paramount importance. AIM OF STUDY: This study is to analyze the functional outcome of CRIF or ORIF with or without bone grafting in tibial plateau fractures in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 cases of tibial plateau fractures treated by various modalities were studied from 1-8-2012 to 31-1-2014 at our institution and followed for a minimum of 6 months. Fractures were evaluated using Modified Rasmussen's Clinical, Radiological grading system. RESULTS: The selected patients were evaluated thoroughly and after the relevant investigations, were taken for surgery. The fractures were classified as per the SCHATZKER'S types and operated accordingly with CRIF with Percutaneous cannulated cancellous screws, ORIF with buttress plate/LCP with or without bone grafting. Immobilization of fractures continued for 3 weeks by POP slab. Early range of motion was then started. Weight bearing up to 6-8 weeks was not allowed. The full weight bearing deferred until 12 weeks or complete fracture union. The knee range of motion was excellent to very good, gait and weight bearing after complete union was satisfactory, knee stiffness in 3 cases, wound dehiscence and infection in 1 case and non-union in none of our cases was noted. CONCLUSION: Functional outcome is better in operatively treated tibial plateau fractures in adults, because it gives excellent anatomical reduction and rigid fixation to restore articular congruity and early motion thereby preventing knee stiffness.