Urbanization is indispensable for the development of humanity. The changes from the urbanization process have a significant impact on other components of natural systems in Ho Chi Minh City. The problem of filling low-lying swamps, ponds, lakes as well as canal encroachment has made significant changes to the shape of the surface topography of the city and particularly affected the current flood situation around the city. The objective of the study was to map changes in surface topography in relation to urbanization process in central part of Ho Chi Minh city during the period 1989-2011. Band ratio method and Maximum Likelihood classification were implemented to separate the objects of urban and low-lying swamp from 3 satellite images in 1989, 2003 and 2011. The change detection has been done by post-classification method combined with GIS and field data to detect changes in the disappearance of low-lying swamps as well as the existence of urban areas on it. Classification process has resulted in an overall accuracy greater than 89% with urban area increased to a half of the entire area within 22 years. Meanwhile the area of low-lying swamps reduced almost 5 times compared to the existing area in the early stage. Research has built spatial maps of the current status and changing as well as carried out the analysis and evaluation to affect flooding in the city. This is a proof of the lack of scientific methods in the urban management and the positive transformation to reduce flooding today is needed.

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Background ASD and ADHD are prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur and have strong evidence for a degree of shared genetic aetiology. Behavioural and neurocognitive heterogeneity in ASD and ADHD has hampered attempts to map the underlying genetics and neurobiology, predict intervention response, and improve diagnostic accuracy. Moving away from categorical conceptualisations of psychopathology to a dimensional approach is anticipated to facilitate discovery of data-driven clusters and enhance our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic aetiology of these conditions. The Monash Autism-ADHD Genetics and Neurodevelopment (MAGNET) Project is one of the first large-scale, family-based studies to take a truly transdiagnostic approach to ASD and ADHD. Using a comprehensive phenotyping protocol capturing dimensional traits central to ASD and ADHD, the MAGNET Project aims to identify data-driven clusters across ADHD-ASD spectra using deep phenotyping of symptoms and behaviours; investigate the degree of familiality for different dimensional ASD-ADHD phenotypes and clusters; and map the neurocognitive, brain imaging, and genetic correlates of these data-driven symptom-based clusters. Methods The MAGNET Project will recruit 1,200 families with children who are either typically developing, or who display elevated ASD, ADHD, or ASD-ADHD traits, in addition to affected and unaffected biological siblings of probands, and parents. All children will be comprehensively phenotyped for behavioural symptoms, comorbidities, neurocognitive and neuroimaging traits and genetics. Conclusion The MAGNET Project will be the first large-scale family study to take a transdiagnostic approach to ASD-ADHD, utilising deep phenotyping across behavioural, neurocognitive, brain imaging and genetic measures.

Large urban areas are currently facing the problem of increasingly serious air pollution, which greatly affects human health and economic development. The sources of air pollution are mainly from industrial activities, transportation and human activities. Air pollutants data can be monitored and extracted from remote sensing images. This research aims to assess the level of NO2 and SO2 pollution in the air from data collected by OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) on AURA satellite of A-Train group. Pollution levels of NO2 and SO2 will be calculated, assessed. Then, a map illustrating the trend of NO2 and SO2 in Ho Chi Minh City during the period of 2015-2019 will be made. The results of the study showed that NO2 concentration varies significantly with the seasons, relatively high in the dry season reaching 70 (μg/m3) and decreasing in the rainy season. The concentration of SO2 varies relatively evenly in the area and increases in industrial areas with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.37 mg/m3. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the rapid monitoring of air pollution in urban areas and large cities in order to get accurate, fast and timely air pollution information to have more appropriate and effective mitigation and prevention measures.