Objective: Garcinia mangostana is a plant that can be used as a traditional medicine to treat various infectious diseases for the treatment of diarrhea, skin infection, and chronic wounds. The activity as antifungal and antibacterial of juice and ethanolic extract from G. mangostana leaves were investigated. Methods: Juice and ethanolic extract were concentrated using a rotary evaporator to get concentrated extract with rendemen 2.571 and 5.647% (w/w). Juice and ethanolic extract dilution method were employed to evaluate the antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ethanolic extract dilution method was used to assess the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Results: The results of this research showed that juice and ethanolic extract were effective against S. cerevisiae, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was 1000, and 500 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity of the G. mangostana leaves ethanolic extract showed that the action was potential with the inhibition zone in B. subtilis and E. coli. Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is that juice and ethanolic extract of G. mangostana leaves have possible antifungal and antibacterial activity.

Objective: Below standard brown sugar is a sugar that cannot be made or resembles dodol (a traditional and sticky confection) because the sap is damaged. Although the sap is made into brown sugar, the product will not last long and become soft-textured sugar. The aim of this research is to prevent below standard sap and produces coconut sugar in accordance with Indonesian National Standard (SNI) using natural preservatives were formulated from guava leaves, corn cobs, and mangosteen peels. Methods: The formulation of guava leaves, corn cobs, and mangosteen peels was designed through several stages by testing the composition of the materials. The first step was measuring the pH value of each material with concentration 4.5%, which were 4.5 g per material and it was compared to the composition of the formula after the concentration of each material was combined to get the basis pH. The second step was formulation to get the natural preservatives by applying the formulas on the tap process of sap until the manufacturing process to get the coconut sugar. Quality of coconut sugar was conducted SNI 01-3743-1995 which included oven method for testing water content and insoluble parts, Luff schoorl method for reducing sugar content and sucrose, and atomic absorption spectroscopy method for testing the contamination of Cu metal. Results: Guava leaves, corn cobs, and mangosteen peels with each material 4.5% were the optimal concentrations as natural preservatives to inhibit fermentation process of sap. Coconut sugars were obtained using these natural preservatives. Coconut sugar that obtained had the moisture content was 0.2402%, the ash content was 1.3%, reducing sugar content was 0.39%, the sucrose level was 69.99%, and the metal contamination was 0.201 mg/kg Cu. While the results of organoleptic tests indicated the brownish-yellow sugar, a typical sweet taste of sugar, and the normal smell of coconut sugar. All of the coconut sugar properties were meet with SNI. Conclusion: Guava leaves, corn cobs, and mangosteen peels were effective as natural preservatives and antioxidants to produce the best quality of coconut sugar according to the SNI.

Penggunaan jamu sebagai Complementary and Alternative Medicine untuk mengatasi Diabetes Mellitus  banyak digunakan di Indonesia. Potensi munculnya interaksi obat-jamu  dengan metformin dan glibenklamid dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji interaksi farmakodinamika (aktivitas farmakologi) dari metformin dan glibenklamid yang dikombinasikan dengan jamu A (Smallanthus sonchifolius) dan jamu B (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F), Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb, Phyllanthus niruri L, Syzigii polyanthi) dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus yang diinduksi aloksan. Metode KLT-Densitometer digunakan untuk skrining fitokimia dengan membandingkan profil kromatogram (nilai Rf) dari jamu dan ekstrak etanol tanaman. Sebanyak 30 ekor tikus wistar jantan dibagi menjadi 10 kelompok perlakuan dengan aloksan 175 mg/Kg BB. Pengamatan kadar glukosa darah diukur pada hari ke-0,-7,-14, dan -21 setelah tikus dipuasakan 12 jam. Hasil profil kromatogram menunjukkan bahwa terdapat nilai Rf yang sama antara jamu A dan B dengan tanaman pembanding. Hasil uji kombinasi Metformin dengan Jamu A dan B menunjukkan adanya penurunan aktivitas yang diduga oleh adanya penghambatan absorbsi metforminm, namun tidak signifikan dibandingkan perlakuan tunggal (p>0,05). Sedangkan kombinasi glibenklamid dengan jamu A dan B menunjukkan adanya penurunan aktivitas yang siginifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan perlakuan tunggal. Pengaruh senyawa aktif dalam jamu dalam mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim CYP3A4 dan CYP2C9 (enzim pemetabolisme glibenklamid) atau efek entagonis diprediksi terjadi pada kombinasi tersebut. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk memastikan mekanisme interaksi obat-jamu, namun penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan potensi interaksi penggunaan jamu A dan B dengan metformin dan glibenklamid.

The present research was conducted to assess the free radical scavenging activity of Garcinia mangostana L leaves by DPPH (1,1, diphenyl-2 picryl hydrazyl) method. Free radical scavenging activity of juice and ethanolic extract of G. mangostana leaves were determined by using spectrophotometry UV-Vis method. Juice and 96% ethanol's extract was concentrated by using rotary evaporator to get thick extract produces rendement about 2.571 % and 4.842 %. IC50 values for juice and ethanol extract was 19.372 g/ml and 1.965 g/ml, it means at that concentration inhibited 50 % of free radical DPPH scavenge. IC50 of d-α-tocopherol was 0.737 g/ml. The result showed that juice are amounted ten times less than ethanol extract. When compared with d-αtocopherol as positive control, free radical scavenging activity of juice and ethanolic extract were twenty six and three times less than d-α-tocopherol. Based on the result of anova test with significant degree 95% can be concluded that free radical scavenging activity between juice and ethanol extract were different with d-α-tocopherol.