Poverty remains a global central issue in all countries in the world. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the welfare of PKH social workers in East Jakarta and the factors that support and hinder the welfare of PKH social workers in East Jakarta. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the welfare of PKH social assistants obtained so far includes subjective welfare and objective welfare. Subjective well-being includes feelings of well-being, satisfaction, that a person feels when working as a social companion. Meanwhile, objective welfare includes aspects of opinion that are felt to be sufficient to meet the daily needs of the companions, then expenditure aspects that are felt to be lower than income, housing that is available even if only by contact or renting, availability of health services even though the companions have to pay their own expenses. , transportation is smooth even though there are no additional costs for transportation. On the other hand, factors supporting the welfare of the companion of age, religious attitudes, social support from the community and village officials, personality of the companion, proper housing and good social conditions of the accompanying family. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is the companion's salary, which is still below the Jakarta’s UMP.

Helping behaviour is an intentional act to benefit others. Due to constant, overwhelming distractions available massively in urban settings or urban-overload hypothesis, numerous research have unfortunately shown that people in the cities are less and less likely to engage in helping behavior. Hence, it is important to promote helping behaviour, particularly in female adolescents as they start to develop their social roles as the nurturing gender. Helping behaviour is influenced by a number of environmental and individual factors. One of those factors is bystander effect -how the presence of others around the event of emergency influences the decision to help. This between-subject experiment aims to find out the influence of bystander effect on helping behaviour of sixty 15-18 years-old female high school students purposively sampled for this research. Observational data of randomized control and experiment groups show significant influence of bystander effect on participants' helping behaviour toward a research confederate acting to be in need of assistance (independent t-test score: 3.29, with 0.05 level of significance, 58 degree of freedom, 1.671 critical values). This concludes the influence of bystander effect on helping behaviour of female adolescents.

Orang tua dari anak autis memiliki stres yang lebih tinggi daripada mereka yang memiliki anak dengan kebutuhan khusus lainnya. Tingkat stres yang tinggi pada orang tua dapat mengganggu emosi mereka pada anak. Emosi yang tidak terkendali dapat menyebabkan anak memiliki harga diri yang rendah dan menarik diri dari lingkungan. Dampak negatif ini dapat diminimalisir ketika orang tua memiliki kecerdasan emosi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kecerdasan emosional orang tua anak autis di Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif survei menggunakan kuesioner kecerdasan emosional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling, yang melibatkan 91 orang tua sebagai responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas orang tua dari anak-anak dengan autisme memiliki tingkat kecerdasan emosi yang sedang (72,5%). Temuan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan oleh para pemangku kepentingan untuk memberikan dukungan program kepada orang tua untuk berbagi pengalaman dan memberikan dukungan di antara orang tua anak-anak dengan autisme.Kata Kunci: Autis, kecerdasan intelektual, orang tuaDescribe the Emotional Intelligence of the Parents of Children with AutismAbstractParents of children with autism have higher stress than those who have children with other special needs. High levels of stress in these parents can disturb their emotion towards the children. An uncontrolled emotion can caused the children to have a low self-esteem and withdraw themselves from their environment. These negative impacts can be minimized when the parents have good emotional intelligence. This study aimed to describe the emotional intelligence of the parents of children with autism in Semarang. This study used descriptive design of the survey using a questionnaire of emotional intelligence. The sampling technique used was total sampling, which involved 91 parents as the respondents. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis. The results showed that the majority of the parents of children with autism had a moderate level of emotional intelligence (72.5%). The findings in this study are expected to be a consideration by the stakeholders to provide program support to parents to share experiences and provide support among those parents of children with autism.Key Words: Autism, Emotional intelligence, parent