Castor oil (CO)-based reactive diluent for UV-curable urethane acrylate oligomers was synthesized by the reaction of a CO with diethanolamine and the resultant product was subsequently reacted with allyl chloroformate. The reactive diluent was characterized by FTIR and 1 H NMR techniques. This reactive diluent was incorporated in a urethane acrylate oligomer and photoinitiator at different weight fractions varying from 5 to 25 wt% for UV curing. The effects of reactive diluent concentrations on the viscosity of the formulations along with mechanical, chemical, and optical properties of UV-curable coatings were studied. Furthermore, the cured films were evaluated for glass transition temperature (T g ) determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis. Gel content and water absorption of UV-cured films were evaluated.

Studies on the epoxidation of Prosopis juliflora seed oil were carried out to evaluate the optimum level of oxirane formation. On optimization of epoxidation of Prosopis juliflora oil (PJO), it was observed that at 60 °C and the mole ratio of double bond to the hydrogen peroxide to the acetic acid was 1:1.1:0.5 and at 2 wt% catalyst loading gave the maximum oxirane conversion. Further, epoxidized Prosopis juliflora oil (EPJO) was reacted with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. Aminopropyltrimethoxysilanated Prosopis juliflora oil (ASPJO) was used as a polyol and was allowed to react with varying concentrations of isophorone diisocyanate resulting in polyurethane. The polyurethane films biodegradability was studied using phosphate buffer and proteinase K. The epoxidized oil was characterized by its epoxy value and FT‐IR spectroscopy. Similarly, ASPJO was characterized by its amine value, FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. Whereas the polyurethane coating was characterized by gel content, FT‐IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopic analysis and also evaluated for its chemical resistance, optical and mechanical properties.

The new allyl((2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl) carbonate (ADC) monomer was synthesized by reacting glycerol carbonate with allylchloroformate. The structure of the monomer was characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, UV-visible, and mass spectroscopies. The ADC monomer was copolymerized with Methyl methacrylate and butyl Acrylate by solution polymerization technique. Further, the ADC copolymer was cross-linked with 1,3-diaminopropane which yields polyurethane acrylate copolymer. The cured film was characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR spectroscopy and for the Gel content. The uncured and cured films were subjected to thermal analysis, and it was observed that the uncured film undergoes two-step thermal decomposition, whereas the cured film undergoes single-step thermal decomposition with comparably high thermal stability. The biodegradability of uncured films is directly proportional to the conc. of ADC monomer and inversely proportional to its cured film. The cured and uncured films of ADC copolymers were subjected to evaluate their optical and mechanical properties. The dramatic improvement was observed in the optical and mechanical properties of cured ADC copolymer at 5-7 wt.% of ADC monomer.

Poly(urethanamide) was synthesized from Balanites roxburgii oil (BRO). Initially, BRO was modified by epoxidation and subsequently the epoxy ring was hydrolyzed. The resulting polyol Balanites roxburgii oil (PBRO) was reacted with diethanolamine to form corresponding fatty amide polyol (FAP). This FAP was reacted with various isocyanates like hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate at NCO to OH ratio 0.75:1 and 1:1. The poly(urethanamide) films were evaluated for chemical resistance, optical and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the water absorption test, in vitro degradation, and thermogravimetric analysis of poly(urethanamide) films were studied. Epoxidized Balanites roxburgii oil and PBRO were characterized by FTIR and physico-chemical analysis. FAP was characterized by FTIR, 1 H NMR, and physico-chemical analysis.