Real Time Control (RTC) has become an accepted technique for improving the performance of Urban Drainage Systems (UDS) due to its flexibility and sustainability. Numerous implementations of RTC have been reported during the last decades. At the same time, guideline documents and state-of-the-art reports have been published. Whereas the general aspects and challenges of planning and installation of RTC systems are well covered, there is a lack of information about the adequate equipment for RTC of UDS. After identifying and briefly discussing the basic components of RTC systems for UDS, this paper describes the specific components in detail. This comprises the introduction of available technologies for sensors, actuators, controllers and telemetry systems in the context of RTC and the discussion of their potential and limitations. Lessons learned from the field operational experiences and future trends and challenges are identified.
Control of stormwater basins can be a competitive measure to improve the ecohydraulics of urban rivers by increasing the removal efficiency of particulates and agglomerated contaminants like heavy metals and decrease hydraulic peak flows. In this paper, we present a simulation study that evaluates the potential of ecohydraulic driven real-time control of stormwater basins to improve water quality and river morphology. Thirteen different static and dynamic control scenarios were analyzed based on a detailed hydraulic and quality model of a small urban catchment equipped with a stormwater basin at its outlet. The removal efficiency for suspended solids could be significantly increased by all control strategies. At the same time, the hydraulic peaks were reduced by at least 50%. The developed dynamic control strategies proved to be advantageous as they provide significant higher removal efficiency for suspended solids and a possible flexible adaptation to future demands.
The study presents a benchmarking methodology to assess the performance of sewer systems and to evaluate the performance of real-time control (RTC) strategies by model simulation. The methodology is presented as a general stepwise approach. Two virtual sewer systems were modelled under four climate conditions. Catchment A represents a small system with medium RTC potential, while catchment B represents a large system with large potential according to PASST guidelines. The rain data represented Oceanic, Continental, Alpine and Mediterranean situations. Annual precipitation data was used. Tests included operation without RTC, and with two classic RTC strategies, aiming at, respectively, equal filling of storage tanks (''average filling''), and aiming at avoiding spilling just upstream of the treatment plant (''WWTP load''). The results have shown that similar RTC strategies perform differently under various climatic conditions and in sewer systems. The presented benchmarking methodology can be used to test the impacts of various climate scenarios on sewer systems that suffer from the limitations of static design.Résumé : Cette étude propose une méthodologie de référence pour évaluer le rendement des systèmes d'égout et des stratégies de contrôle en temps réel par simulation modélisée. La méthodologie est présentée sous forme d'une approche générale progressive. Deux systèmes d'égouts virtuels ont été modélisés pour quatre conditions climatiques. Le captage A représente un petit système présentant un potentiel moyen de contrôle en temps réel, alors que le captage B représente un grand système présentant un grand potentiel selon les lignes directrices PASST. Les données de précipitations représentent des environnements océaniques, continentaux, alpins et méditerranéens. Les données de précipitations annuelles ont été utilisées. Les essais comprenaient le fonctionnement sans contrôle en temps réel et avec deux stratégies classiques de contrôle en temps réel, visant respectivement le remplissage égal des réservoirs de stockage (« remplissage moyen ») et à éviter le déversement tout juste en amont de l'usine de traitement (« charge WWTP »). Les résultats ont montré que des stratégies similaires de contrôle en temps réel ont des rendements différents selon les conditions climatiques et les systèmes d'égouts. La méthodologie de référence présentée peut être utilisée pour analyser les impacts de divers scénarios climatiques sur les systèmes d'égouts qui subissent les limitations de la conception statique.Mots-clés : contrôle en temps réel, contrôle en temps réel dans les égouts, modélisation mathématique, simulation, captage virtuel des égouts.[Traduit par la Rédaction]
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