Kulit pisang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan film plastik biodegradable karena kulit pisang mengandung pati. Pati yang berasal dari kulit pisang ini cepat berubah warna atau mengalami browning. Hal ini dicegah dengan penambahan asam sitrat selama proses ekstraksi pati dari kulit pisang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan asam sitrat terhadap karakteristik, khususnya kuat tarik dan kemampuan biodegradasi film biodegradable yang terbuat dari pati kulit pisang (FPKP). FPKP dibuat dengan pati kulit pisang (PKP) sebagai bahan baku, dengan penambahan gliserol sebagai plasticizer serta CaCO 3 dan CMC sebagai filler, sedangkan PKP diperoleh dengan metode ekstraksi sederhana dengan atau tanpa penambahan asam sitrat. Konsentrasi gliserol divariasikan dari 20% w/w hingga 60% w/w, sedangkan CaCO 3 dan CMC ditambahkan dalam jumlah yang tetap. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan asam sitrat menyebabkan warna PKP lebih putih. Penambahan asam sitrat dapat meningkatkan kuat tarik hingga mencapai 4,202 MPa untuk FPKP dengan filler CaCO 3 dan 4,032 MPa untuk FPKP dengan filler CMC. Sedangkan untuk kemampuan biodegradasi berlaku sebaliknya. AbstractBanana peels can be used as raw material for biodegradable plastic film because the banana peels was consists of starch. Starch was derived from banana peels would be rapidly changing color or browning. Browning was prevented by the addition of citric acid during the process of starch extraction from banana peels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of citric acid on mechanical properties and capabilities degradation of starch biodegradable film made from this starch (film plastik pati kulit pisang -FPKP). FPKP was made with banana peel starch (pati kulit pisang -PKP) as raw materials, with the addition of glycerol as a plasticizer, and both CaCO3 and CMC as filler, whereas the PKP was obtained by simple extraction methods with or without the addition of citric acid. Glycerol concentration was varied from 20% w/w to 60% w/w, while CaCO3 and CMC were added in a fixed amount. The results was showed that the addition of citric acid affects the color of a PKP produced. The addition of citric acid can enhance the tensile strength of FPKP, up to 4,202 MPa for FPKP with CaCO 3 filler and 4.032 MPa for FPKP with CMC filler.Forbiodegrability of FPKP, the affect of citric acid apply vice versa.

Introduction: This study aimed to explore pharmacy students' and faculty members' perception of online learning at the Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Andalas. Methods: A survey was administered to 522 undergraduate students, 140 pharmacist professional students, and 51 faculty members via an online electronic survey (Google Forms). Demographic data, online learning experiences, and online learning acceptance of students and faculty members were collected through the survey. Results: Five hundred forty-five students and 36 faculty members of the Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Andalas participated in this study. Online learning was mostly delivered using Zoom, combined with other media (47.3%). The majority of faculty members and students agreed that online learning could achieve knowledge learning outcomes (LOs), but not attitude LOs and skills LOs. More than a half of students and faculty members perceived that online learning is less effective. Conclusion: In general, the faculty members and students perceived that online learning was not very effective and only considered to achieve some aspects of LOs. As the COVID-19 pandemic is not over yet, it seems that online learning is the reasonable option for conducting learning activities. However, the learning activities and media should be carefully selected to ensure the achievement of all aspects of LOs.

This case study aims to explore the utilisation of Google Forms as a tool for online formative assessment for the Pharmacotherapy of Infectious Diseases, Immune System, and Cancer (FAF 323) courses at Andalas University, Indonesia. The online formative assessment was conducted to assess students’ progress after completing four online modules (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Drug Hypersensitivity Reaction, Tuberculosis, and Oral Candidiasis). Five questions were designed for each module, which made 20 questions in total. The Google Forms quiz was designed to provide the students with the scores, correct answers, and the feedback directly after submission. The use of Google Forms for online formative assessment purposes is beneficial and practical, although the department only used it once throughout the practice sessions. For optimum benefit, the formative assessment should be completed multiple times throughout the course, so that the lecturers can obtain information about students’ progress through several checkpoints.

Introduction: The impact of sub-acute administration of purified gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) to the liver and kidney function and its reversibility had been studied on rats. Methods: Rats at the aged of 2-3 months and the bodyweight of ±250 g were treated with water solution of purified gambier at the dose of 5 mg/kg10 and 20 mg/kg for 7 to 14 consecutive days. Plasma ALP, AST activities, creatinine clearance, liver and kidney ratios were determined on the day 1, 7, 14 one week after the doses stopped. All data on each parameter were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple T-test and significance was taken at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that all parameters was not affected significantly (p>0.1), except ALT activity and liver organ ratio decreased significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: These indicated that purified gambier is relatively non-toxic to the liver and the kidney of the rats at doses of 5-20 mg/kg BW for 14 days.

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