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Background: Hemineglect is the inability to sense stimuli given on the paretic side. It is most frequently seen in individuals with left hemiplegia resulting from temporoparietal lobe damage. On the basis of duration poststroke, hemineglect can be acute (<3 months) or chronic (>6 months). The patients experience many challenges in rehabilitation of motor function, cognitive function, and in gaining functional independence. Aim: To identify the challenges faced by physiotherapists in rehabilitation of individuals with poststroke hemineglect. Methodology: Data Identification: An English language literature search using Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Pedro was done. Study Selection: Articles were identified and those which fulfilled the specific requirements were selected. Data Extraction: In accordance with the inclusion criteria, 9 studies done between 1997 and 2017 were reviewed. Results: In this study, we reviewed a number of studies on the treatment of hemineglect which show a variety of treatment options. The various interventions include robotic mirror therapy, repeated parietal theta-burst stimulation, low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation, trunk rotation and scanning training, forced use therapy, prism glass adaptation, movement detection bracelets, each of which have different effects. Conclusion: There are a limited number of studies on the different treatment methods that are currently available. Further research is needed on these treatment methods to prove their efficacy and find a suitable method to overcome the challenges that the patients with hemineglect face at present.

Background: There has been rapid drift of rehabilitation professionals toward the clinical use of technology aided electrical interventions. Brain is a cortical hub of functionally related neural connections. Motor learning entails strong interaction with the cognitive domains. So better outcomes may be expected by optimally targeting functionally correlated areas simultaneously through tDCS. Aim: To determine the therapeutic effect of Multi Channel tDCS in combination with Functional electrical stimulation, SaeboFlex and conventional rehabilitation on recovery of Cognitive Domains, Motor Functions of Paretic Hand, and Gait in individuals with subacute Stroke. Methods: This is prospective, randomized, double blind controlled clinical trial. Subacute Stroke Survivors with the age Group (40-75 years) will constitute the Population of the study. Participants will be randomly allocated to experimental or control group. Participants of Experimental group will receive Multi channel tDCS, Functional electrical stimulation, Saebo Flex Training and conventional rehabilitation. Participants of the group B will receive FES, training with SaeboFlex, conventional physiotherapy intervention similar to as given to the participants of group A and sham multi channel tDCS. Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measures of the study will be Fugl Meyer assessment, Electroencephalogram and secondary outcome measures of the study will be Grip strength, Pinch strength, Nine hole peg test( NHPT), Wisconsin gait scale, Montreal cognitive assessment, Electroencephaloraphy to observe the cortical changes and tDCS adverse effect questionnaire and stroke specific quality of Life scale. Statistical Analysis: The primary analysis of the study will be done at the end of 4 weeks. Statistical analysis of data will be done using SPSS Version 22 with the help of a statistician. Conclusion: An insight into the therapeutic interventions augmenting, cognitive and motor domains simultaneously may yield better outcomes in the field of stroke rehabilitation thereby improving quality of life of stroke survivors

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized primarily by either hyperactivity or inattention or both. Non-Invasive brain stimulation techniques including Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and Repetitive Transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) act by altering brain activity and modulating neuronal networks. Both rTMS and tDCS have been previously used in pediatric population and now being used as an intervention for ADHD. The aim of this study was to review the existing literature on Non-Invasive stimulation in ADHD as a means of treatment. An English Language Literature search using Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Pedro was done to identify the data. PRISMA guidelines were followed and those studies which fulfilled the specific requirements were selected. Methodological quality of these studies was assessed using PEDro scale. In accordance with the inclusion criteria; eight studies done between 2010 and 2019 were reviewed. Studies were grouped according to intervention given: rTMS and tDCS. Our findings reveal that both rTMS and tDCS have positive effects on improving inhibitory control, executive function as well as the impulsive symptoms in ADHD. It was concluded that Non-invasive stimulation is a promising and upcoming tool for improving executive functions and inhibitory control in ADHD. More number of high quality randomized control trials are required to strengthen the evidence and incorporation of these tools in clinical practice.

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