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Purpose:To evaluate available options for the management of nephrolithiasis in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).Materials and Methods:Case files of all the patients with ADPKD treated in our hospital in the last 18 years were evaluated. Their demographic details, clinical presentations, investigations, treatments, and outcomes were critically analyzed.Results:There were a total of 19 patients (23 renal units) with nephrolithiasis among 452 consecutive cases of ADPKD. Male-to-female ratio was 3.75:1. The mean age of the patients was 43.3 years (range 23 to 60 years). The most common presentations were pain and hematuria (27.7% each). Mean serum creatinine was 7.2 mg/ dl (range 0.8-18.1 mg/dl) at presentation. The mean stone size was 115 mm2 (range 36 to 980 mm2). The majority of the stones were calyceal (n = 10). Ten renal units (nine patients) required intervention, while the rest were treated conservatively. Treatment offered included open nephrectomy for non-functioning infected kidney (n = 1), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL, n = 3), ureterorenoscopy (URS, n = 3), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL, n = 3). All patients undergoing URS and PCNL had complete clearance, while those undergoing ESWL had a residual stone. Two failed ESWL patients required an auxiliary procedure (retrograde intrarenal surgery, RIRS) and the other was kept under observation. Mean follow-up after treatment was 4.2 years (one month to six years). None of the patients had major complications.Conclusion:Careful selection of the endourological procedure can give good results in patients of ADPKD with nephrolithiasis.

Combined ureteroscopic treatment for ureteral and ipsilateral renal calculi is a safe and attractive option for patients presenting for symptomatic ureteral stone and ipsilateral renal calculi smaller than 15 mm.

Spontaneous subcapsular renal hematoma is not a common entity. We report a 38-year-old lady presenting with sudden onset right flank pain with uncontrolled hypertension and she was found to have subcapsular collection in the right kidney on ultrasonography. Finding was confirmed on computed tomography. Except hypertension, no particular cause for the condition could be found. Symptoms and size of the collection decreased on conservative treatment. They completely disappeared on ultrasonography at 6 months follow-up. She was asymptomatic at 18 months follow-up.

Hem-o-loc clips have been used for vascular control in laparoscopic surgery. We describe a case presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Evaluation revealed migrated hem-o-loc clips causing obstruction and symptoms in bladder neck region. Clip removal with endoscopy relieved the symptoms. Diagnosis warrants high index of suspicion as clips are radiolucent and other more common differential diagnosis like bladder neck contracture may have similar presentation. For the prevention, loose clips should be actively searched for and retrieved from abdomen and clip application near proposed anastomotic site should be avoided.