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Rural women today have been suffering a lot due to the feeling of helplessness and lack of decision-making capabilities in financial matters. Self-help groups (SHGs) are the most recent development for them which could enable them to come forward and make them self-dependent and self-employed. The present study was conducted in Jalandhar district of Punjab state in 2014 by focused on in-depth study of two groups i.e., Mian mamli and Nari shakti formed by Pahal NGO. The present study revealed that on an average fifty per cent of the members were young, matriculates, labourers, belonged to SC category, earned up to sixty five thousand per annum. Majority of the women (>90%) joined the group for a variety of reasons like to supplement family income, to develop social ties, to avail economic benefit, to develop habit of savings and to get easy access for credit which resulted in increased their income and savings. The study further revealed that majority of the members of self-help groups participated in various training programmes organized by promoting agency and Krishi Vigyan Kendra as a result of which women who never used to step outside the four walls of their home became business women and started supplementing their family income by adopting various entrepreneurial activities viz. candle and surf making, pickle formation and processing of fruits and vegetables etc.

Entrepreneur is a key factor of entrepreneurship. It is responsible for shaping the economy and they help in creation of new wealth and new jobs by inventing new products, process and services. In present time, female entrepreneurship is gaining attention and importance in light of the evidence of the importance of new business creation for economic growth and development. This paper attempts to the constraints encountered by scheduled caste women to start cutting and tailoring as an enterprise and decision-making pattern of scheduled caste women to start cutting and tailoring as an enterprise. The study was conducted in Hisar District of Haryana state, India during the year 2016. The sample comprised of interested 120 SCs rural women from purposively selected ten villages of four blocks (Hisar I, Hisar II, Barwala, Hansi rural) of Hisar district, Haryana state. Six days training through experts was imparted to the women on garment construction. To assess the problem and constraints faced by the SC women for entrepreneurship, a well structured interview scheduled was subjected after imparting training to respondents. It was found that the main constraints of the respondents were economic dependency and marketing challenges, as far as decision making is concern, decisions regarding technical aspect were mainly taken by the respondent but other major decisions were male dominated. AbstractDivya Sachan

The B.Sc. Home Science programme offers RAWE and In-plant training programme for B.Sc. last year students. The main objectives of RAWE programme are to provide an opportunity to B.Sc. Home Science (Hons.) students to develop the right perspective of rural life and develop positive attitude towards community. B.Sc. Home Science programme offers job oriented courses and In-plant training with the view that the internship in the related industry or institution is essential to provide practical training exposure to the students and also for the industries to be acquainted with the potentialities of B.Sc. Home Science graduates for mutual benefits. The present study was planned to find out the learning experiences, constraints and suggestions given by the B.Sc. Home Science graduates regarding RAWE and In-plant training programme. Study was conducted in College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana with 185 Home Science graduates and post graduates. Questionnaire technique was used for data collection. Findings of the study indicated that the major problem being faced by the students during In-plant training was short duration and during RAWE less amount of stipend and interaction with villagers regarding new technology. The suggestions put forth by the students were for increasing the duration of In-plant training, regular supervision and follow up by the teacher in-charge.

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