Introduction: Women undergo menstruation as part of their normal physiological cycle. In Indian society, it is associated with taboos, myths, misbelieves and malpractice. Majority of adolescent girls are unprepared in terms of knowledge, attitude and hygienic practices for managing the menstrual cycle when they enter menarche. A better understanding of the scientific process of menstruation and good menstrual hygiene is very crucial for the health and well-being of adolescent girls. Unsafe practices are associated with unwanted outcomes. Aim: To assess the knowledge, beliefs and sources of information adolescents have about menstruation, along with their management of menstrual hygiene. Materials and Methods: The present school-based crosssectional study was conducted in 2019 in Vadodara, Gujarat, India, among 240 adolescent girls of 14-17 years of age using multistage sampling methods. Data were collected by using pre tested, structured self-administered questionnaire after having informed consent. Results: A total of 98 (40.8%) of girls were aware of menstruation before attaining menarche; 19.58% and 54.17% of girls did not knew about the cause and source of the menstrual bleeding, respectively; 55.42% girls used only sanitary pads whereas 43.33% used both old clothes and sanitary pads as the absorbents. A 46.25% changed absorbent frequently (≥4 times in a day). A 54.17% washed their genitals frequently. The most common method of absorbent disposal was disposal in a dustbin. Mother was the main source of information regarding menstruation. Conclusion: Majority of adolescent girls were not having enough knowledge regarding menstruation and their menstrual practices are inexact. This is requisite for menstrual hygiene programme.

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Introduction: The Indian population experiencing rapid ageing. By 2050, elderly would be 19.5% of the total population. The increasing elderly in society brings with new social problems having tremendous health impact. Elder abuse is a serious but neglected social problem that has adverse consequence on health. Objective: To measure the prevalence of elder abuse and to determine associated factors of elder abuse. Method: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among elderly population aged 60 years and above in the Piparia village of Vadodara district. A sample of 126 study participants were nterviewed to collect data on prevalence of abuse and associated factors leading to abuse. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to draw conclusion from collected data. Results: Prevalence of elder abuse was found to be 28.57%. Emotional abuse was the commonest type of abuse reported. Socio economic status, family type, Tobacco use (Smoke and smokeless) were found to be significantly associated with elder abuse. Conclusion: Elder abuse is prevalent in rural Gujarat. Further evidence is needed to assess the magnitude of the problem and the type of intervention necessary to resolve it.

Background: Cholera is a preventable disease, still it remains a major public health problem among developing countries like India. Access to safe water and a sanitary environment can easily control many gastrointestinal infections including Cholera. In the last week of June 2021 large number of acute diarrhoeal cases were reported which was higher than expected subsequently confirmed as an outbreak of Cholera. Objective: To verify the diagnosis, identify risk factors and institute appropriate control measures to control the outbreak. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to identify the time, place and personal distribution of the disease. Based on the findings of the descriptive study, sanitary survey and environmental examination a hypothesis was formulated. A case-control study was carried out to test a hypothesis Results: A total of 158 cholera cases were reported with one death. Male and females were affected equally. All age groups affected, 18.35% of the cases were reported among children aged 0-5 years old. It was a common source epidemic and water was source of infection. The water sample reported faecal contamination. Those households not using water purification methods were 1.454 times more affected (OR=1.454) than those using water purification methods. Conclusion: The Vibrio Cholerae bacterium caused the cholera outbreak in Nadiad. Infection was caused by contaminated drinking water.