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-Nattat, 2018. Effects of Phoenix dactylifera pollen grains extract supplementation on post-thaw quality of Arabian stallion semen. Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 21, No 1,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] This study explored the effect of extender supplementation with different concentrations of date palm pollen grain (DPPG) on post-thawed sperm motility, viability index, membrane and acrosome integrities in Arabian stallions. Five ejaculates from each of four Arabian stallions were subjected to cryopreservation with a modified INRA-82, without any supplementation (control) or supplemented with 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg DPPG. After thawing, all samples were maintained at 37 o C, while analyses were performed at 0, 1, and 2 and 3 hours. Sperm motility percentage, viability index, membrane integrity percentage and acrosome integrity of each sample were determined by conventional laboratory methods. The addition of 100 mg DPPG resulted in improved maintenance of sperm motility after 0 and 60 min post-thawing, as compared to the control and other treatment groups. Nonsignificant effects on viability index were observed after enrichment of extender with 100 and 150 mg DPPG. The addition of 100 and 150 mg DPPG resulted in significant (P<0.0010) improvement in post-thawing membrane integrity (41.33±0.83%; 41.33±2.33%) compared to the controls (34.33±1.55%). These concentrations exerted also a beneficial effect in preserving sperm acrosome integrity (38.33±1.01%; 38.67±1.64%) as compared with the control one (33.33±1.12%). Supplementation of modified INRA-82 with 200 mg DPPG failed to maintain sperm motiliy while 250 mg PG has a negative impact on all studied post-thawing semen parameters. In conclusion, adding 100 and 150 mg date palm pollen grain extract to modified INRA-82 seemed useful in the chilling and freezing process of Arabian stallion sperm.

The Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedaries) is an important species because of its ability to produce good quality meat, milk, and fibers under harsh environmental conditions. Camels are also crucial for transportation, racing, and as draft animals in agriculture. Therefore, dromedary camels play a critical role in the economy for millions of people living in the arid part of the world. The inherent capability of camels to produce meat and milk is highly correlated with their reproductive performance. Compared with other domestic species, the reproductive efficiency in camelids is low. Although recent reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have been successfully applied to camelids and the birth of live offspring following these technologies has been reported; in vitro embryo production (IVP) has lagged in this species. The development of the IVP system for dromedary camels may be a useful tool for the genetic improvement of this species. IVP in farm animals includes three main steps; in vitro maturation (IVM) of an oocyte, IVF of a matured oocyte, and in vitro culture (IVC) of fertilized oocyte up to the blastocyst stage. This review aims to summarize various factors that influence oocyte quality, IVM, and in vitro embryo development in dromedary camel.

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