No abstract

This study aims to understand how the Political branding strategy developed by the Candidates for Governor and Vice governor with regard to poverty alleviation in the East Java region. This "political battle" becomes interesting because each pair of Khofifah and Emil or Saifullah Yusuf and Puti Guntur Soekarno are not new figures in the East Java political arena. The background and political capital of each partner seems to be at stake because of the long and deep history and closeness to East Java. In the context of the issue of poverty, it becomes important how they conduct public debates in order to do  maneuver to overcome this classic problem and all parties agree that poverty must be fought. This study uses content analysis from the first session of the open debate on the Candidates for Governor and Vice governor of East Java. In the end, this study shows the superiority of the Khofifah and Emil Dardak in discussing the issue of poverty, but the Saifullah Yusuf and Puti Guntur Soekarno also have their own characteristics in discussing the issue of poverty. Each has its own political branding focus and strategy in conveying their ideas.

The effort to increase people's welfare through empowerment of informal woman workers to increase household income becomes interesting and important to do it. The empowerment of informal woman workers has important roles to decrease unequal distribution income and give substantial contribution for overcome the problem of unemployment. However, although woman had given income in the family, the man dominates the decision-making of the household rules. The accessibility should be directly proportional to the decision-making in the household rules. The population of this research is 1000 street vendors in Malang. Then, the sampling is taken using Random Sampling Method. The sample of this research consists of 24 respondents of street vendors. The result of the research is between motivation of work, work experience, and the fund are positively related to accessibility and the decision-making in the household rules have not high accessibility. It is due to very strong culture of patriarchy in society.

The purpose of this research is to explore the growing trend of outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) from developing countries to developed countries. Market-seeking and strategic asset explorations are the main motivations for conducting OFDIs in developed countries. Meanwhile, cross-border greenfield investments and cross-border mergers and acquisitions are the main entry strategies used by developing countries when penetrating the developed markets. Finally, this paper reveals mixed results about the explaining ability of John Dunning's International Development Path (IDP) theory on the patterns of selected developing markets' OFDIs to developed countries. On the one hand, China's OFDIs follow the paths in the IDP theory. On the other hand, those of India do not confirm so.