The Lactobacillus sp. a probiotic microorganism that can’t to survive gastric acidity and the concentration of bile salts in the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic encapsulation is one of the methods to protect probiotic during processing process, storage, and from acidic solutions in the gastrointestinal tract. The research was to know that viability was encrypted with an alginat matrix and we were against testing in simulated stomach acid. In this research, the encapsulation process was conducted by mixing Lactobacillus sp. with Na-Alginate to form a suspension as encapsulation material. The microcapsules formed were coated with chitosan with concentrations i.e., 1.2%; 1.6%; and 2%. Lactobacillus sp. encapsulated chitosan matrix was tested for its viability in gastric fluid simulation (0,2% NaCl pH 1,2 and 3) for 1 minute, 60 minutes and 120 minutes using the TPC method (Total Plate Count). After the viability test, Lactobacillus sp. encapsulated with 2% chitosan could maintain the viability lactobacillus sp with the number of colony was of 7,41 log Cfu/gram in the simulation of gastric acid fluid pH 3 for 120 minutes, and 4,78 log Cfu/gram in the simulation gastric acid fluid  pH 1,2 with duration 120 minutes.

Penelitian mengenai pembuatan kitosan dari cangkang rajungan telah dilakukan oleh beberapa peneliti sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh waktu dan pengulangan perendaman dalam larutan NaOH terhadap kenaikan nilai derajat deasetilasi kitosan. Sebelumnya dilakukan ekstraksi kitin dari cangkang rajungan melalui dua tahap, yaitu deproteinasi dan demineralisasi. Proses deasetilasi terhadap kitin dilakukan dengan variasi waktu perendaman dalam larutan NaOH (2, 3, dan 4) jam serta dilakukan pengulangan perendaman 3, 4, dan 5 kali. Proses deasetilasi menggunakan larutan NaOH 50% (b/v) dengan perbandingan kitin terhadap larutan NaOH sebesar 1:20 (b/v) pada suhu 120°C. Kitosan yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR dan dianalisis Derajat Deasetilasi (DD) dengan metode titrasi. Kitin yang diperoleh sebanyak 12,4% dari tepung cangkang rajungan. Derajat Deasetilasi kitosan terbesar (terbaik) didapatkan pada waktu proses deasetilasi selama 4 jam dan jumlah pengulangan deasetilasi sebanyak 5 kali dengan DD sebesar 44,26% dan rendemen kitosan 83%. Lamanya waktu perendaman dalam larutan NaOH merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap nilai derajat deasetilasi kitosan yang dihasilkan.

The small crab animal is important for the fisheries sector in Indonesia, but usually the small crab industry only takes meat and allows the crab shell to become a pile of waste.  To reduce the potential for pollution caused by a small crab shell waste, the waste can be reused to obtain chitin.  Small crab shell waste still contains quite a lot of chemical compounds, including protein, minerals (CACO), and chitin.  The study conducted chitin extraction with a process preceded by deproteination and then demineralization.  Chitin was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).  The results showed that chitin was successfully extracted from the small crab shell through the deproteination and demineralization process with FTIR l, which results the characteristic spectrum of chitin compounds such as waves of 3433 cm 'for -OH, -NH groups.  The absorption around the wave number 3433 cm occurs because of the overlap between the absorption -NH and -OH and the wave number 701 cm 'for the b-1,4-glycosidic group.

Sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) was utilized as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). The SPEEK performance in producing electricity had been observed in MFC using wastewater and glucose as substrates. The MFC with catering and tofu wastewater produced maximum power density about 0.31 mW/m2 and 0.03 mW/m2, respectively, lower that of MFC with tapioca average power density of 39.4 W/m2 over 48 h. The power density boosted because of the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as inoculum. The study using of S. cerevisiae and Acetobacter acetii, separately, were also conducted in with glucose as substrate. The MFC produced an average power densities were 7.3 and 6.4 mW/m2 for S. cerevisiae and A. acetii, respectively. The results of this study indicated that SPEEK membrane has the potential usage in MFCs and can substitute the commercial membrane, Nafion.Article History: Received: Juni 14th 2017; Received: Sept 25th 2017; Accepted: December 16th 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Putra, H.E., Permana, D and Djaenudin, D. (2018) Preliminary Study of the Use of Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK) as Proton Exchange Membrane for Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(1), 7-12.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.1.7-12