En Afrique subsaharienne, les infections transmissibles par la transfusion sanguine comme la syphilis sont très répandues, avec une prévalence pouvant atteindre 25% chez les donneurs de sang. La présente étude avait pour objectif de déterminer la prévalence de la syphilis chez les donneurs de sang au niveau de la Banque du Sang d’Abéché. Nous avons mené une étude transversale à visée descriptive, qui s’est déroulée de mai à août 2017. Les échantillons de sang des donneurs ont été testés par immunochromatographie pour la détection des anticorps anti-tréponémiques (Biomnis®). Sur 789 donneurs de sang inclus dans l’étude, la prévalence de la syphilis était de 4,9 %. Les donneurs étaient à 96,1% de sexe masculin et 3,9% de sexe féminin. Cette prévalence était plus élevée chez les sujets âgés de [21-30] ans, chez les femmes, les donneurs non scolarisés, divorcés et les domestiques/ménagères habitant la zone d’Abéché urbaine. Ces résultats montrent qu’il est nécessaire de mettre en place une politique de suivi et de prise en charge médicale des donneurs de sang atteints de la syphilis.Mots clés: Transfusion sanguine, receveurs, Treponema pallidum, don de sang.   English Title: Prevalence of syphilis in blood donors at Abéché blood bank in ChadIn sub-Saharan Africa, infections transmitted by blood transfusion such as syphilis are widespread, with prevalence up to 25% in blood donors. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of syphilis in blood donors at the Blood Bank of Abéché. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which ran from May to August 2017. Donor blood samples were tested by immunochromatography for the detection of anti-treponemal antibodies (Biomnis®). Of the 789 blood donors included in the study, the prevalence of syphilis was 4.9%. Donors were 96.1% male and 3.9% female. This prevalence was higher in subjects aged [21-30] years, women, out-of-school, divorced and domestic / household donors living in the urban Abéché area. These results shows that it is necessary to set up a policy of monitoring and medical care of blood donors with syphilis.Keywords: Blood transfusion, recipients, Treponema pallidum, blood donation.

The evaluation of the commercial quality and freshness of consumer eggs in Dakar, Senegal, involved 1,000 egg samples. The values of the physical parameters showed that the eggs had an average weight of 60.3g and the average age of 7.6 days. The majority of eggs had an oval shape (98.1%), 76.8% of eggs are clean against 23.2% dirty and 93.4% of the shells are intact against 6.6% rugged. On the other hand, 18.3% of the eggs have a spread albumen, 7.2% of the whites have foreign bodies, 5% have stains and no color and odor anomalies with a pH ranging from 8 to 9, 5. 21.4% of egg yolks are flattened, 86.6% of normal color, 10.4% have stains, no embryo development and no odor anomaly with a pH ranging from 5.7 to 6.5.100 eggs were microbiologically tested. The results showed that this food is contaminated internally by Salmonella (1%), E.coli (1%), Proteus (1%), Listeria (2%) and externally by Salmonella (2%). E. coli (4%), Proteus (3%), Staphyloccocus (5%).

Hepatitis C (HCV) remains a global health challenge and is transmitted via contact with contaminated blood and body fluids. This study aimed To find the factors influencing hepatitis c viral infections and to identify its prevalence among populations of the Algamosi area, Gezira state central Sudan. This cross-sectional community-based study was conducted. A total of 492 participants were randomly selected from among 4 villages and were interviewed to find out the factors that lead to transmission of infection and tested for markers of hepatitis C infection. ELISA confirmed all the positive card tests. The results showed that the individuals within the age groups > 45 and 31 -45 years are more affected by HCV the percentage was 3.37% and 0.6% respectively, while the age groups of 15 -30 and <15 years have zero prevalence 0%. There was a significant association between HCV with age groups (p < 0.05). Among the possible cause (1.4%) had a previous history of tattooing and were significantly reactive for anti-HCV (X 2 = 14.588 and p value = 0.001) The study concluded that the prevalence of hepatitis C viruses was only detected in three areas. This study explored many possible causes associated with viral hepatitis, tattooing is the common cause of hepatitis C virus. Based on the finding the study recommends, the crucial intervention program to screen most of the Algamosi population who have been not screened for HCV, proper treatment for HCV, and the health education program is strongly recommended to create awareness among the general population.

Background: The local population in developing countries is at higher risk of contracting hepatitis B (HBV) due to some of the factors they practice which promote its establishment and distribution within their communities and may constitute a burden for them. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with the hepatitis B virus in populations of the Algamosi region, Gezira State, central Sudan. Method: A crosssectional study was conducted among 492 people, populations of the Algamosi region, Gezira state in central Sudan. A questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic factors, transmission, and prevention of hepatitis B infections. As well, blood samples were taken from each participant, and serum was used for rapid tests for HBsAg. Positive samples were then tested by the ELISA method for confirmation. Data were obtained using SPSS version 21 and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of hepatitis B was 16.10% and was higher in men than in women (05.7 -1.00). People aged 31 to 45 had the highest prevalence of 27 (20,600%) for HBV infection. There was a significant association between HBV and age groups (X 2 = 7.816 and P value = 0.05). This study also found that there was a significant association between viral hepatitis and knowledge about transmission and prevention (P value < 0.005). This study showed a high prevalence of the hepatitis B virus in the local community of Algamosi in Sudan. So the prevalence of the hepatitis B virus was found to increase with age, Also, the previous infection with jaundice was identified among the risk factors contributing to the spread of hepatitis B, where the prevalence rate reached (2.7%) P value = 0.001. Social knowledge about hepatitis B was very high. Conclusion: Although most people who live

Le paludisme est une maladie endémique en Afrique intertropicale. En vue d'évaluer les différents efforts consentis dans la lutte contre le paludisme dans le monde, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) a présenté en 2016 la tendance de l'évolution de la maladie dans différents pays, grâce aux données épidémiologiques existantes. Certaines régions du Tchad et surtout Abéché n'ont pas bénéficié de cette évaluation à cause des données insuffisantes. L'objectif général de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence du paludisme chez les patients de l'Hôpital Provincial d'Abéché (HPA) et de spécifier les facteurs des risques associés à cette pathologie endémique. Nous avons mené une étude descriptive transversale de Mai à Juin 2017 à l'HPA sur 350 patients à qui un examen de Goutte Epaisse et la Recherche d'Hématozoaire (GERH) ont été réalisés. Les patients ont été soumis à un entretien sur la base d'un questionnaire basé sur la proximité de l'eau, l'usage des moustiquaires, absence de désinsectisation. Les données collectées ont été analysées et les résultats révèlent que la prévalence du paludisme était de 36,57% et était significativement associée à la non utilisation de moustiquaire imprégnée d'insecticide (p<0,001), au manque de connaissances sur le paludisme (p= 0,01) et au fait d'habiter à proximité des eaux stagnantes (p= 0,023), ce qui favoriserait la forte prévalence de cette pathologie. Ces données peuvent être utilisées pour la prise de décision dans les programmes de lutte antipaludique.