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Our study indicates that in hormone refractory prostate cancer a high level of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 develops that is directly associated with elevated PSA. Changes in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines when androgen independent cells exist may have an important role in the selection of a subset of hormone insensitive cells. These criteria may be used as a prognostic marker for the response to hormone ablation therapy in men with prostate cancer.

Prior to vaccination with a trivalent influenza vaccine (AT/Texas, AB/Beijing, and BP/Panama), sera from 19 MS patients had a significantly higher mean level of antibody than 9 normal subjects to AT strain of influenza, but not to AB or BP strains. After Flu vaccination, the mean anti-AT and anti-AB antibody titers significantly increased 4-fold in 11 MS patients and 9 normal subjects. The ratio of MS responders (6/11), however, was lower than normal (8/9). The mean PBL proliferative response to the Flu antigens increased after vaccination significantly more in MS patients than in normal subjects, and increased in 9 of 11 MS patients and 3 of 9 normal subjects. Although MS patients responded to Flu antigens with higher antibody levels and proliferative responses of PBL, than normal subjects, a clinical protective effect of the vaccine against Flu was not clearly demonstrated in these patients, and vaccination did not cause or protect against exacerbation of MS.

Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of p53 protein significantly decreases the formation of neointima in the rat carotid injury model. This may represent a potential therapy for restenosis in humans.