Maize is the one of the highest yielding cereals. Area under maize cultivation in the country, as well as in state of Odisha is gradually increasing due to its high economic benefits from maize. However, the benefits obtained by small and marginal farmers are comparatively less than the large ma ize farmers due to the use of traditional method of cultivation, use of conventional tools and machineries and small land holding. Most of the unit operations in maize are generally carried out manually which is labour intensive thereby increasing the cost of cultivation. Therefore, in this study a set of improved animal powered machineries and implements were demonstrated in maize cultivation in order to study the gain in net benefits by adopting small farm mechanization. The study revealed that small and marginal maize farmers of Gajapati districts could save up to Rs 7490/-per hectare using the improved bullock drawn implements and the B:C ratio has been increased up to 2.63 as compared to 2.08 in case of conventional maize farming.

A field experiment was conducted in farmers' fields in village-Govindpur, Mohana, Gajapati district, Odisha where rice-green gram cropping system is the prevailing practice. For conservation agriculture point of view, performance evaluation of the CIAE bullock drawn 3 row seed drill under zero till condition was conducted for line sowing of green gram during Rabi season following kharif paddy and it was compared with conventional method of twice ploughing by local wooden plough followed by manual broadcasting of green gram seeds. Performance evaluation of OUAT bullock drawn mb plough, OUAT bullock drawn puddler and OUAT bullock drawn 8 row drum seeder was conducted for line sowing of pre-germinated paddy seeds during kharif season which was compared with conventional random transplanting method for wet land paddy cultivation.The overall performance CIAE seed drill with zero till tynes was superior to the conventional method considering the higher yield and B:C ratio and lesser labour requirement along with plant growth parameters.Considering the plant growth parameters and yield parameters and cost of operation the bullock drawn drum seeder was found superior to conventional random transplanting method.

The present study was carried out under Krishi Vigyan Kendra, South Tripura to study the production, profitability and employment generation of IFS over prevailing conventional rice-rice system of farming in South Tripura district of Tripura during 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18. The components rice, maize, vegetables, ginger, apiculture, fishery, poultry and piggery were considered for the study under integrated farming system. The Integrated Farming System (IFS) model showed 17.79 % increase in productivity and 48.91 % higher net return over conventional rice-rice system.  Among the components evaluated, the highest per cent net return was received from Fishery unit (31.78), followed by Piggery unit (18.19), Apiculture (13.93), Poultry unit (12.96), Spice Ginger (10.19), Crop (7.31) and Vegetables (5.64) respectively. The highest B:C ratio (3.67) was obtained from fishery unit among all the component evaluated under the IFS. A total of 289 Man days/ha/year employments can be generated under Integrated Farming System. This system of IFS model may be useful in the areas where water is limiting and an efficient alternate system of conventional rice-rice system.