Purpose To estimate the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and all-cause mortality during tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Methods From 2009 to 2012 a retrospective cohort study among reported TB cases in Georgia was conducted. Patients aged ≥16 years were classified by DM and HIV status at time of TB diagnosis and followed during TB treatment to assess mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) were used to estimate the association between DM and death. Results Among 1,325 patients with TB disease, 151 (11.4%) had DM, 147 (11.1%) were HIV-infected, and 7 (0.5%) had both DM and HIV. Patients with TB-DM were more likely to have cavitary lung disease compared to those with TB alone (51.0% vs. 34.7%) and those with TB-HIV were more likely to have military/disseminated disease (12.9% vs. 3.4%) and resistance to rifampin or isoniazid (21.8% vs. 9.0%) compared with those without HIV infection (p<0.05). In multivariable analysis, DM was not associated with death during TB treatment (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.70–2.12) or any death (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 0.60–1.84). Conclusions Among TB patients in Georgia, the prevalence of co-morbid DM and co-infection with HIV was nearly identical. In adjusted models, TB patients with DM did not have increased risk of all-cause mortality.