Urea (URE) and guanidine hydrochloride (GHC) possessing strong chaotropic properties in aqueous media were added to DMSO solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to be gelled via freeze–thaw processing. Unexpectedly, it turned out that in the case of the PVA cryotropic gel formation in DMSO medium, the URE and GHC additives caused the opposite effects to those observed in water, i.e., the formation of the PVA cryogels (PVACGs) was strengthened rather than inhibited. Our studies of this phenomenon showed that such “kosmotropic-like” effects were more pronounced for the PVACGs that were formed in DMSO in the presence of URE additives, with the effects being concentration-dependent. The additives also caused significant changes in the macroporous morphology of the cryogels; the commonly observed trend was a decrease in the structural regularity of the additive-containing samples compared to the additive-free gel sample. The viscosity measurements revealed consistent changes in the intrinsic viscosity, Huggins constant, and the excess activation heat of the viscosity caused by the additives. The results obtained evidently point to the urea-induced decrease in the solvation ability of DMSO with respect to PVA. As a result, this effect can be the key factor that is responsible for strengthening the structure formation upon the freeze–thaw gelation of this polymer in DMSO additionally containing additives such as urea, which is capable of competing with PVA for the solvent.

Highly porous composite poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogels loaded with the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) microbeads containing the drug, simvastatin (SVN), were prepared via cryogenic processing (freezing—storing frozen—defrosting) of the beads’ suspensions in aqueous PVA solution. The rigidity of the resultant composite cryogels increased with increasing the filler content. Optical microscopy of the thin section of such gel matrices revealed macro-porous morphology of both continuous (PVA cryogels) and discrete (PHB-microbeads) phases. Kinetic studies of the SVN release from the drug-loaded microbeads, the non-filled PVA cryogel and the composite material showed that the cryogel-based composite system could potentially serve as a candidate for the long-term therapeutic system for controlled drug delivery. Such PHB-microbeads-containing PVA-cryogel-based composite drug delivery carriers were unknown earlier; their preparation and studies have been performed for the first time.

Visible light irradiation of the aqueous solution of sodium alginate and organometallic complex [(C5H5)Fe(toluene)]BF4 transforms it into a rigid hydrogel due to crosslinking of carboxylate groups by the iron ions....