No abstract

No abstract

The physical simulation of heavy oil catalytic aquathermolysis with different chemical compositions from deposits located in the Tatarstan Republic, Russia (Ekaterinovsky oil, B 2 type, and Olimpiadovsky oil, A 1 type), was designed. The catalytic aquathermolysis processes were conducted at a temperature of 300 °C in the presence of a rock-forming additivekaolin (the content of montmorillonite was 44%), and catalysts composed of transition metal (Fe, Co, and Cu) carboxylates. The environment of the processes was a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The distinctive features of hydrothermal-catalytic conversion of various oil types are evaluated by fractional, structural-group, microelement compositions, and H:C ratio changes. These variations are due to initial properties of crude oils and the activation degree of destruction reactions on C−C, C−N, C− O, and C−S bonds leading to different levels of increase of saturated fractions content and decrease of resins and asphaltenes content in the products of experiments. By the thermal analysis method, the assessment of potential content of the oil on a solid sorbent before and after experiments was carried out. The high-molecular-weight components of the naphthene-aromatic B 2 type oil revealed greater adsorption capacity to the rocks, in comparison with the oil of the A 1 type. Therefore, the adsorption of catalyst components on rocks is also greater.

Comparative studies of hydrothermal transformation of organic matter samples of bituminous rocks from Domanic and Permian deposits of the Tatarstan Republic (Russian Federation) have been carried out. The experiments have been taken at a temperature of 300 °C in a vapor-gas carbon dioxide environment, with a content of 30% water in the reactionary system and an initial pressure of carbon dioxide of 2 MPa. It is shown that the distinguishing features of the organic matter of the analyzed species according to thermal analysis data are most prominent in the loss of its mass at various temperature intervals. Also, changes take place in group and structural composition and hydrocarbon composition, which have an impact on the composition of the initial products of experiments. Hydrothermal effects on the Domanic rock sample result in the destruction of structural polymer fragments of kerogen. It results in an increase in the contents of asphaltenes and their modified structures in the form of carben-carboids, insoluble in solvents characteristic of asphaltenes, thus reducing the relative content of saturated hydrocarbons in the products of the experiment. Under similar hydrothermal conditions, changes in the physical composition of the Permian rock are less significant. For the investigation of activation processes of the transformation of organic matter of the Permian rock, an experiment was conducted using catalysts. As catalysts, a composition of oil-soluble iron(II), cobalt(II), and copper(II) carboxylates with an additive of propanol was used. The use of the catalyst has increased the output of light fractions and reduced the content of resins and asphaltenes as part of Permian rock.