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<p>Using clinical illustration, a modular technology of restoration of the tooth crown 3.6 (author’s technique рrofessor Lyumiashvili L.M. (2004))</p>

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The subject of the study: teeth, crown part of the tooth. The purpose of the study: to study the algorithm of wax modeling of the crown part of the teeth based on modular technologies. Methodology. Wax modeling of 64 teeth by using modular technologies, maintaing photo protocol step-by-step. The results: Modeling teeth is a creative process. More over, knowledge is needed and the ability to use the scientific approaches of the modeling process, which greatly facilitates the work of restorers, dental technicians. We have proposed the reconstruction of the integrity of the teeth based on modular technologies, where modeling can be carried out, taking into account the patterns in the formation of teeth based on a single module – canine – odontomer. Using the shape of a canine or part of its elements, as well as using various elements of its construction, various quantitative and qualitative variations in the shape of teeth are demonstrated during wax modeling. Conclusion. Aesthetic dentistry not only offers the best technologies and materials, but also provides the opportunity to restore the anatomical forms of teeth with minimal discomfort, approaching the achievement of a perfect functional result. Developed by us, the method of artistic restoration of teeth based on modular technologies, proposed by L.M. Lomiashvili, pays great attention to the restoration of the microrelief of surfaces. Step-by-step illustrations help to get acquainted in details with the stages of modeling, the creation of overall outlines of teeth, the consistent formation of surface relief, grooves of the first, second, third orders. A systematic approach to the modeling of teeth is reflected. Step-by-step illustrations of the construction of the crown part of the teeth based on modular technologies are used in the educational process of universities and colleges, and are also being introduced into clinical dentistry, improving the quality of aesthetic and functional restoration.

The subject of the study: teeth, anomalies in the development of forms. The purpose of the study: to analyze the literature data on the study of the morphofunctional parameters of teeth in the evolutionary aspect. Methodology. Search for publications in the scientific and medical library of Omsk State Medical University, on external databases Elibrary, Cyberleninka, PubMed, Embase. Review of 33 literary sources has been carried out for the period 2012–2022 (16 domestic, 17 foreign). The received information is processed, systematized and presented in text format. The results: Most anomalies and deformations of the shape of the teeth are polyetiological in nature. The complex influence and interaction of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors leads to a violation of the form. function and aesthetics of teeth. The process of occurrence of dental anomalies is multilevel, multidimensional and progressive. Pathological processes associated with the loss of hard tooth tissues during a person's life also lead to a change in the shape of the teeth. For example, caries is one of the most common dental diseases. It has been established that dental caries is an infectious process that occurs under the influence of several groups of factors. According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of dental caries ranges from 80% to 98%, which indicates the need for widespread implementation of prevention programs among all age groups. Conclusion. It is necessary to conduct interdisciplinary research to bridge the gap between understanding the molecular events that occur during odontogenesis and the essence of clinical observations characterizing the degree of variability in the shape, size, defects of teeth (anomalies, deformities, lesions) under the influence of genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors.