656049, Россия, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 61 Статья посвящена одному из основных механизмов выявления предпочтений потенциальных контрагентов в рамках продажи или закупок товаров -процедуре аукциона. Теория аукционов, активно развивающаяся в мировой экономической науке, подразделяет все аукционы на эффективные и оптимальные. В данной статье автором предпринята попытка формирования реального дизайна оптимального аукциона, обеспечивающего условие, что игроки говорят правду о своей полезности и это является их доминирующей стратегией. Большинство работ зарубежных исследователей сводится к рассмотрению уровня конкуренции как основного условия повышения правдивости участников аукциона. Анализируя механизм определения результатов в аукционах, автор статьи предлагает рассматривать в качестве основного такого условия не уровень конкуренции, а субъективное отношение победителя к вероятности своей победы в аукционе, а также предлагает новый дизайн стандартных моделей аукционов, обеспечивающий условие, что игроки говорят правду о своей полезности и это является их доминирующей стратегией. Введение возможности заключения аукционистом контракта с любым заинтересованным лицом, не участвовавшем в аукционе, по цене, превышающей предложение победителя не менее чем на заранее определенный процент, способно оказать прямое воздействие на механизм определения ставки победителя аукциона и максимально приблизить ставку победителя к размеру реальной полезности для него объекта, выставленного на аукцион, т.е. обеспечить правдивость в доминирующих стратегиях и создать дизайн оптимального аукциона. Предложенный дизайн экономических механизмов может существенно увеличить доходность стандартных моделей аукциона и, в первую очередь, аукционов, проводимых в настоящее время в России в целях продажи публичной собственности или публичных закупок. Ключевые слова: аукцион, оптимальный аукцион, доходность аукциона, государственные закупки, теория эквивалентности доходов, контракт, механизм выявления предпочтений, дизайн экономических механизмов. Altai state University 656049, Russia, Barnaul, prospect Lenina, 61The paper is devoted to one of the main revelation mechanisms in the sale & procurement of goods -auctions. Auction theory, actively developing in the world economic science, subdivides all auctions to effective and optimal. In this paper we attempt to find the design of the real optimal auction, providing the condition that the players are telling the truth about its value and it is their dominant strategy. Most of the works of foreign researchers consider the level of competition as the main condition for the value revelation. The author proposes to consider as the main conditions the subjective attitude of a bidder to the probability of his winning the auction, as well as the new design of standard auction. Introduction the possibility of concluding a contract with any interested party who did not participate in the auction at a price higher than the bid of the winner, can have a direct impact on the revelation mechanism and to make a ...
This article is devoted to the problem of a consistent reduction in the quality of goods under the conditions of the "development of capitalism" raised in the work of I. V. Rozmainsky. Also, it analyzes its impact on the sustainable development of various markets in the modern economy. The article discusses the causes of a negative impact of consumers' information constraints on the sustainable development of the economy, describes how the growth of uncertainty contributes to the transformation of degrading selection into a certain general pattern of markets, becoming a serious barrier to the economy of sustainable development. The authors concluded that the growing influence of the institutional environment on the efficiency of modern markets and proposed the creation of international institutional mechanisms for quality assurance of bona fide suppliers and manufacturers.
The work is aimed at analyzing coordination mechanisms of corporate solutions and at studying a number of mechanisms, decision-making processes and information links with the use of hierarchical algorithms of block program ming. The work presents a routine task for high dimensional optimization adequate for the design of hierarchical systems of production companies and corporations, an objective function and a restriction system with composition-block structure. The special methods of block programming, where interaction between the center and the performers corresponds to the centralized and decentralized mechanisms of decision-making coordination in economic systems have been developed for this type of optimization problems. For the analysis of decision-making coordination in big systems, the unique classification of the mechanisms of decision-making coordination in hierarchical systems based on the level of information awareness of the center and the ways to increase this level has been applied. In the systems of the first type, the center is fully informed on the parameters of the objective function of the elements of the system (subsystems) and the set of admissible values of decision-making coordination or seeks to achieve such level of awareness. In this case the decision-making process is carried out in 2 stages. On the first stage, the center finds the optimum coordinating variables; on the second stage, the elements of the bottom level (blocks) sel ect ‘technological’ variables which implementation provides an optimal goal for the center. To achieve greater effectiveness and strict follow-up of the decisions made, the center can use such mechanisms of control as strong penalties. In the systems of another type, the center implements the principles of institutional and indicative management, i.e. it creates an institutional environment (structures, links, restrictions, etc.) for effective functioning of the elements (performers) and delegates it powers on decision-making to achieve the target parameters (indicators) optimal fr om the point of view of the center. It is shown that the convergence of the sequences of the specifying solutions of performers to an optimal decision-making for a system in general seems to be a necessary condition of institutional coordination methods.
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