No abstract

At the present time the problem of import substitution of grinding tools is particularly of current interest. The current situation makes many foreign producers gradually leave the Russian market while domestic enterprises cannot offer competitive grinding tools that possess the characteristics and quality comparable to foreign analogs.

Grinding with flexible backing grinding tools, such as flap wheels and grinding belts, has found wide application at all stages from roughing to decorative surface finish. At the same time, the performance of traditional factory-built flap wheels and grinding belts in many respects do not meet the expectations of consumers. Among other reasons, this is due to the fact that the designs of flap wheels and grinding belts are based on traditional sandpaper. In turn, the sandpaper is made from abrasive mass which is not sorted by shape and not oriented relative to the backing plate surface. The described situation leads to the fact that a large number of grains does not participate in the cutting process, but on the contrary, have a negative impact on it, because the abrasive particles fall out of the bond, heat and deform the material to be ground without cutting it off. The approaches to improving the design of flexible backing grinding tools are discussed, the issues of their design and manufacture using the abrasive grains with controlled shape and orientation are revealed in the article. The data on the impact of the grain shape and orientation on the cutting ability of grinding belts are given.

The technology of grinding with a flexible abrasive tool is a rather complicated process, the characteristics of which are interconnected with the relief parameters of the surface abrasive coat of a tool. However, when forming the relief of the surface abrasive coat of a flexible grinding tool by popular methods, an unnecessary expenditure of expensive abrasive material occurs and the working face is obtained with randomly arranged abrasive grains, the processing performance of which can be assessed only taking into account some average values. As a result, some grains arbitrarily located on the surface of a tool partially or completely do not participate in the cutting process. The article is devoted to the issue of the study of the working face of a flexible grinding tool. Comparative tests of existing and developed methods for determining the number of abrasive grains on the tool face are presented. Experimental data on the influence of the angle of orientation of abrasive grains on their distribution density are presented.

The article is devoted to the research of strength properties of single abrasive grits of various shapes. The existing methods for determining the strength of abrasive materials are analyzed. Data are presented on the pattern of stresses arising in abrasive grits under various schemes of applying loads to them, obtained by computer simulation. The results of static strength tests of regular alumina grains by the method of uniaxial compression, as well as observations of the influence of the orientation and shape of abrasive grits on its impact strength, are presented.