No abstract

The present investigation provides one of the first complex attempts of theorizing on changes in tourism sector activity within COVID-19 quarantine. Drawing from system and criterion approach weusedthe analysis of official documents and news publication to identify 8 international models of tourism sector support within the pandemic quarantine. Each model was considered with the instrument of strengths and weaknesses analysis. By reviewing Russian national model we conducted deeper analyses juxtaposing and describing experience of Russian regions. Drawing from aтopinion poll realized in Perm krai we described some special features of each tourism sector segment activity within COVID-19 pandemic quarantine. The opinion polls mentioned also showed some limitations of Russian tourism sector support model. With regard to the data mentioned, we proposed the concept of the national electronic exchange service of tourism and resort. This system will potentially support the Russian model in the condition of epidemic crisis, helping the national tourism sector to save and then to restore its activity following laissez-faire principle.

New economic circumstances developed by the COVID-19 pandemic fallout, the sanctions, and the special military operation have paved the way for intensifying the development of Russia's domestic industrial production. An efficient method to deal with this task can be the cluster approach. However, the operation of an industrial cluster brings about both positive and negative effects for the regional socioeconomic development. The problem of assessment and adjustment of these effects has not yet received the definitive answer. In the study, we aim to design a system spatial method for analysing the impact exerted by industrial clusters on the regional socioeconomic development. The combination of the theories of regional and spatial economics constitutes the methodological basis of the research. The methods include content analysis, critical and comparative analysis. Based on the review of the scientific publications indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus and eLibrary databases we structure the tools used to research the mutual influence of a region and a cluster in 1990-2022. In line with the review findings, we identify six theoretical approaches (system, network, institutional, agglomeration, classical, administrative) and four methods (statistical, regionalistic, marketing, situational). Theoretical analysis indicates some limitations of existing combinations of these methods and approaches. To overcome them, we suggest a system spatial method for examining the mutual influence of a region and an industrial cluster that eliminates the major weaknesses inherent in similar tools. Its application allows formulating recommendations for the implementation of the regional cluster policy that favour a positive impact of an industrial cluster on a region under a predominantly positive impact of a region on an industrial cluster.

COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022) and the subsequent sanctions crisis (since February 2022) provided a fundamentally new background for the functioning of tourism clusters. The new conditions determined the need for a new set of tourism cluster support measures. In Perm Krai, a discussion on support for the region’s tourism potential was launched in the late 2021. The paper focuses on two main objectives: analysis of the tourism cluster activity during the pandemic and formulation of general recommendations on the tourism cluster development in the new context. We propose a new system-agglomeration methodology for the analysis of tourism cluster activity in the period of crisis based on our own theoretical approach. The new methodology identified two tourism protoclusters in Perm Krai that were active from 2012 to 2021. For each of the two protoclusters, we calculated key activity indicators and conducted two polls, in 2021 and in 2022. Comparative analysis and systemization of qualitative and quantitative data resulted in a complex description of each of the two Perm Krai’s tourism protoclusters at different crisis stages. Basing on that, we propose a system of recommendations on tourism protoclusters development in the new conditions.

The present investigation provides one of the first complex attempts to analyze new burgeoning part of theory, that illustrates changes in tourism sector daily within global epidemic crisis. Drawing from system and criterion approach we realized theoretical analyses of the conceptual space mentioned. The analyses mentioned showed preconditions of the considering theoretical space and illustrated the main features of its development within Russian and English academic discourses. Within each of the mentioned discourses we identified some dominating types of academic papers and a number of the most widespread topics. Basing on the analysis mentioned, we described two key investigation strategies “Eastern” and “Western” ones, which differ in general investigation logic that they are based on. The theoretical analysis showed that the question of tourism sector functioning within the pandemic (on the business process level) has not been deeply investigated yet. The key reason for it is the early stage of theorizing on the topic mentioned. At this stage investigations are often not systematic and are not coherent enough. To overcome theselimitation we suggested a model of empirical analysis of tourism sector within pandemic. In the future this model will form theoretical and methodological basis for creating effective tourism sector supporting systems for the cases of global epidemic crisis.