The concept of sustainable development in comparison with other paradigms was the most acceptable, from the point of view of determining the development strategy of society, in the medium and long term. Due to that, such important trends in science and practice as the restructuring and modernization of the economy, energy efficiency, environmental security, "green economy", etc. have been developed. One of the most important areas of research, important both for science and practice, is the measurement sustainability of development using the system of indicators. The quantitative measurement of sustainability makes it possible to shape strategies for the development of countries and regions, taking into account the ecological, social factors that previously could not even compete with economic factors. For Russia, this is important from different perspectives. Among the main reasons there is a significant differentiation of regions in terms of development level and the predominance of "raw materials" in the structure of the economy of many regions. Rational use of natural resources is a necessary condition for the sustainable development of any state or region.

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Abstract-This article studies features of increase of energy efficiency of national economy and reduction of emissions of carbon dioxide for the subarctic countries such as Russia, Canada and Norway. For these countries we define the conditions to achieve sustainable development of indicators of energy intensity and carbon intensity of GDP. Focusing on the dynamics of energy intensity and carbon intensity of GDP, carbon intensity of energy production, in this article the real movement towards the implementation of the program of international organizations for the transition of the economy to a sustainable model of development is analyzed. The examples illustrate both the presence of significant differences between the three countries and the absence of fatality of these differences. In determining the regularities in the article the preference was given to linear models vs non-linear, with the reasons in each case. Greater attention to the progress of these countries may help to understand better the benefits of the transition to sustainable development model and to reduce the demands concerning expanses for such a transition.

Рассматривается земельный ресурс как необходимая база инновационного развития России. При анализе новых градостроительных механизмов (на примере комплексного развития территорий по инициативе правообладателей) с учетом практики зарубежных стран делается вывод о необходимости привлечения в градостроительный процесс не только представителей технических наук, но и юристов, экономистов, разработки и внедрения экономических инструментов регулирования организации пространства города. Ключевые слова: комплексное и устойчивое развитие территорий, земельная политика, инновационное развитие.

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