Background To determine the usefulness of dual‐energy CT (DECT) iodine quantification to classify the focal thyroid lesions. Methods We retrospectively enrolled a total of 76 cytopathologically confirmed focal thyroid lesions (mean size: 1.9 cm). After drawing a region of interest on the DECT‐derived iodine maps, the obtained iodine concentration values of thyroid nodules (IC_N) and normalized IC_N were compared between 3 groups: papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), benign nodule, and cyst. Results From all lesions, 46, 17, and 13 were assigned to the PTC, benign nodule, and cyst groups. IC_N was the highest in the benign nodule, lower in the PTC, and the lowest in the cyst (median [interquartile range]: 4.3 [3.13‐5.48], 3.15 [2.29‐4.01], 0.60 [0.33‐0.88], all P < .001). Similarly, the normalized IC_N values were all statistically different from each other (P < .05).The multi‐class area under the curves using the optimal cutoff values were 0.931 for IC_N and 0.918, 0.920 for normalized IC, respectively. Conclusion DECT iodine quantification could be helpful to classify the focal thyroid lesions.

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast (NECB) is a very rare type of invasive breast carcinoma. Most NECBs appear on breast imaging as solid masses of varied shapes and margins, and have worse clinical outcomes than does invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified. However, there have been no reports to date regarding NECB with features of inflammatory breast carcinoma. Here, we describe the clinical, radiol-ogic, and pathologic findings of the first reported case of primary NECB presenting as inflammatory breast carcinoma. The patient complained of diffuse right breast enlargement and erythema. Mammography identified severe breast edema and axillary lymphadenopathy. Ultrasound detected an irregular, angular, hypoechoic mass with dermal lymphatic dilatation. On magnetic resonance imaging, the mass had rim enhancement and the entire right breast showed heterogeneous enhancement with malignant kinetic features. Pathology identified the mass as a primary NECB with positive for synaptophysin, CD56, estrogen and progesterone receptors.

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