No abstract

Inhibitory effects of NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages guided the isolation of nine prenylated isoflavones, including a new cudraisoflavone L (1) and eight known metabolites furowanin B (2), erysubin A (3), wighteone (4), lupalbigenin (5), laburnetin (6), isolupalbigenin (7), 6,8-diprenylorobol (8), millewanin H (9) from the leaves of Cudrania tricuspidata. At the concentration of 10 μM, compounds 1, 2, and 4 significantly inhibited NO production with the inhibitory values of 72.5 ± 2.4, 66.9 ± 1.8, and 55.4 ± 2.7%, respectively. In addition, all of isolated compounds 1-9 showed promising cytotoxic effects toward HL-60 cells (IC 4.3 ± 0.7 to 18.0 ± 1.7 μM).

Two new phenolic glycosides, physangulosides A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the whole plant of Physalis angulata. Their chemical structures were determined by mean of HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR spectra. Both of the compounds showed weak protection against hydrogen peroxide induced hepatocytes damage.

Alkaloids are among the most important and best-known secondary metabolites as sources of new drugs from medicinal plants and marine organisms. A phytochemical investigation of whole Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum plants resulted in the isolation of seven alkaloids (1–7), including one new compound (1). Their structures were elucidated using NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by ECD. A molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation was carried out for the isolated compounds to screen for acetylcholine (AChE) inhibitory activity. The target compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on AChE activity in vitro. The results suggest that these C. asiaticum alkaloids possess the ability to treat Alzheimer’s disease.

Phytochemical study on the methanol extract of the stems and leaves of Kadsura induta led to the isolation of six dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, including three new compounds named kadsindutalignans A-C (1-3), and three known ones, heteroclitalignan B (4), kadsuphilin C (5), and kadsulignan E (6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS, 1D-( 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR), 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC, 1 H-1 H COSY, NOESY), and experimental circular dichroism (CD) spectra. All the isolates inhibited NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values in the range from 5.67 ± 0.54 µM to 38.19 ± 2.03 µM, compared to that of the positive control of N G -monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA) with an IC50 value of 8.90 ± 0.48 µM. Interestingly, the new compound 2 showed potential inhibition of NO production with an IC50 value of 5.67 ± 0.54 µM, which was higher than that of the positive control.