The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), and the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), are two of the most important mite pests of different host plants in Egypt. These mites are spreading rapidly because of their resistance to acaricides; therefore, it was necessary to develop a new biological control tactics for mite management. Plant extracts, such as garlic extract (Allium sativum Linn.), may represent easy, available and viable alternative, because they are considered to be minimum-risk pesticides. A series of laboratory and semi-field experiments were considered to determine the susceptibility of adult mite females to different concentrations of garlic aqueous extract (G.A.E.). Mortality was measured upon treatment with five concentrations ranging from 1 to 25% W/V. Female mortality increased with concentration, T. urticae was more tolerant than T. cinnabarinus through laboratory studies as maximum mortality values were 90% and 100% after 24 hours using concentration 25% W/V, respectively. The chemical composition of the Allium sativum aqueous extract was characterized by GC/MS analysis which revealed the occurrence of 33 compounds, of which the major compound was identified as 2-Furancarboxaldehyde,5-(hydroxymethyl). The efficacy of G.A.E. was evaluated against T. urticae and T. cinnabarinus under semi-field conditions. Highest reduction (89.75 %) in T. urticae population was recorded by using concentration 50% W/V one day after treatment (DAT). T. cinnabarinus was more tolerant under the semi-field conditions as the reduction was (80.14 %) using the same concentration. G.A.E. is effective in the control of both tetranychids. It is promising candidates for biological control of these two mite pests.

The efficacy of Fenugreek, Trigonellafoenum graecum, Celery, Apium graveolens Laurel, Laurus nobilis and Thyme, Thymus vulgaris extracts, against the four stored grains pests, rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, mould mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae and house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae were investigated. Mortality (%) increased with increasing concentrations, exposure periods and varying from plant to plant. Petroleum ether extract of A. graveolens induced 100% mortality after two, eight and seven days of exposure for C. maculates, S. oryzae and D. farinae, respectively. Foenum graecum caused 100% mortality after four, five and seven days for S.oryzae, D. farinae and T. putrescentiae, respectively and 93.3% for C. maculates after five days. Petroleum ether extract of L. nobilis caused 100% mortality to C. maculatus, T. putrescentiae and D. farina but declined to48% with S. oryzae. T. vulgaris caused a complete reduction in F1-progeny for C. maculatus but had no effect against S. oryzae moderate effect on T. putrescentiae and D. farinae. A. graveolens and T. foenumgraecum were the most toxic plants followed by L. nobilis; while T. vulgariswas the least. For all plants, petroleum ether extracts were more effective in mortality percentage and reduction in F1-progeny than acetone extracts.

Toxic and chemosterrilizing effect of fennel (Foeniclum vulgare) and cress Seeds (Eruca sativa) extracts in (petroleum ether, acetone and ethanol) and Jojoba oil on the adults of Cowpea beetles Callosobruchus maculatus(F.) were evaluated. Results showed a high mortality values with high concentrations of cress Seeds extracts and Jojoba oil while Fennel extracts exhibited low mortality with all used concentrations. Insect mortality increase with the increasing of concentration and exposure period. At high concentrations all tested extracts had a pronounced effect on female reproduction. The reproduction of C.maculatus female was completely inhibited by using high concentration of Jojoba oil or cress seeds extraction in petroleum ether.

This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of commercial clove. oil andclove petroleum ether exttact (syzygium aromaticum)on the adults of rice weevil , Sitophilus oi'ae (l'');cowpea beetie ' Callosobntchus maculatus (F'); red flour beelle, Triboleunl casteneum (H.) ;the mould ^1t", Tyroping^ putr"rrrn.llae (shrank) and Dennatophagoides farinae (Shrank) at 30+2oc uno os+ix R.H. Besides, r,11aylrg',h.iffrcacy of clove petroleum ether extract to protect grains dr-rring storage and if it had any effect on ,""A. g".,,,irruiio. p1.,, ar,aiyzingthe ciemical constituents for both extract and commercial oil through GC/MS technique to study the difference in main constituents. Results showed complete mortality (%) at the highest concentration with s.oryzae, c.maalattts arld T'ptirescentiae while T'casteneum arld D' farinae showed high resistance for both oi1 and extract. Accumulative mortality of pests increased gradually with the increase of concentrations and exposure period. The reproduction of females of all experimental pests was completely inhibited at the highest concentration . T. castaneum*u. 1.r, susceptible to tested oils compared with s'otyzae and c'maailafus' The extract was more powerful than commercial oil especiaiiy with T.castene:tm and D' farinae which are known to have high resistance. clove extract give complete plotection tol. g.uio, for 10 weeks with low significant on germination (%)' The main constituents of clove commercial oil were ".,g"n|l (50.58%), cinnamaldehyde (15'72%) and linoleic acid(9'52%)and those of the clove extract were eugenol (37.4;%) "oi.nol acetate (ll'47%i' caryophellene (10'44 %)' linoleic acid (9.42%) and caryophellene oxide (8'58%)'Key words: stored grain pests, clove oil, germination of seeds, Clove extract, residual toxicity and mites'Many researchers used commercial oils to prove its effectivlness against stored grain pests, therefore, this research aims to study the differences of toxicity between commercial oil and oi1 extract in the laboratory, also to study the effect of clove oil extracts in laboratory to protect seeds during storage' MATERIALS AND METHODS