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Acne has been considered a disease of Western society, which consumes a diet that includes high glycemic index dairy and fatty foods. Although large, blinded, randomized controlled trials surrounding the impact of diet on acne are challenging to conduct, there is early evidence from small clinical trials and larger observational studies as well as other basic scientific research on the contributions of diet in the pathogenesis of acne. This article will focus on the existing evidence behind one of the proposed pathways of acne pathogenesismammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which is a major promoter of cellular growth and proliferation and is primarily regulated through nutrient availability, insulin, and insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1).

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This paper discusses the use of existing copper facilities to provide switched video services to residential customers.The goal is to begin offering NTSC video and multimedia services in a cost effective manner and to facilitate a practical transition to a fiber optic access network. Our work shows that existing copper distribution facilities can support initial low-penetration video demand for the majority of urban customers.Present video services are delivered over the air, by cable or by direct broadcast satellite (DBS) to the customer. The user selects one ofmany (< 200) channels, each having a fixed program schedule. In switched video delivery, the consumer selects a program and that program is delivered to just that consumer rather than being broadcast to all. Services such as Video on Demand (VOD), multimedia programming or interactive video require switched &livery and are thus not yet available in the residential marketplace.

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