Objectives: To demonstrate the three-dimensional structure of the collagen fiber framework in the human liver ligaments and capsule. Methods: We studied the collagen fiber framework of relatively normal human liver specimens using a cell maceration method and scanning electron microscopy. Results: The collagen fibers of the hepatic falciform ligament subdivided into three types depending on the direction and location. The outer collagen fibers of the hepatic teres ligament formed the longitudinal plate, and the inner fibers had a loop-like structure. The coronary ligament contained two parallel collagen bundles toward the hepatic capsule. The hepatic capsule possesses the outer thicker and inner interlaced layers of the collagen fibers. The hepatic ligaments' outer layer connected with the hepatic capsule collagen fibers, while the inner layer tended to merge with the hepatic lobular parenchyma's connective tissue. Conclusions:The hepatic ligaments and liver capsule are layered structures of collagen fibers differing in direction. The hepatic ligaments' outer layer connected with the liver capsule's collagen fibers and the inner layer merged with the hepatic lobular parenchyma's connective tissue.

Known for its concise, easy-to-read writing style and comprehensive coverage, Cecil Essentials of Medicine has been a favorite of students, residents, and instructors through nine outstanding editions. This revised 10th Edition continues the tradition of excellence with a focus on high-yield core knowledge of key importance to anyone entering or established in the field of internal medicine. Published on July 5th of 2021, consisting of 19 chapters and 128 sections each on 1248 pages.Fully revised and updated by editors Edward J. Wing and Fred J. Schiffman, along with other leading teachers and experts in the field, Cecil Essentials remains clinically focused and solidly grounded in basic science.Dr. Edward J. Wing is an infectious disease specialist in Providence, Rhode Island, and is affiliated with Miriam Hospital and Rhode Island Hospital, among others. He graduated from Harvard Medical School and has been practicing medicine for almost 20 years. He has been working as the editor for the eighth and ninth editions of Cecil Essentials of Medicine then took the lead on the tenth edition of the book.As the collaborator of the tenth edition of this book, Fred J. Schiffman, Brown and Lifespan hematologist/oncologist M.D is the Sigal Family Professor

Objectives:We aimed to investigate the morphological changes and clinical chemistry panel of alloxan-induced diabetic rats for the treatment groups of ethanol or aqueous extracts of Mongolian natural Inonotus obliquus. Methods: Wistar albino rats (n = 80) were randomly assigned into four groups: 1. Healthy control group, 2. Untreated diabetic group, 3. Diabetic group treated with Inonotus obliquus (500 mg/kg per day) water extract, 4. Diabetic group with Inonotus obliquus (500 mg/kg per day) ethanol extract. Diabetes was induced by alloxan 150 mg/kg (single intraperitoneal injection) in the diabetic groups. Results: Both water and ethanol extract of Inonotus obliquus reduced the blood glucose level of diabetes at 48 h after treatment. Histologic and morphology examinations showed that water extracts of Inonotus obliquus alleviated the damage to pancreas tissues in alloxan diabetic rats. Conclusions: We postulate that simple ethanol and water extracts of natural Mongolian Inonotus obliquus have an antihyperglycemic effect that enhances islet cell function in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The extracts of Mongolian natural Inonotus obliquus are easily producible at low cost and should be further explored as a treatment for diabetes.