The operation of small hydroelectric dams built on mountain streams induce changes in stream flow regimes that are manifested not only in the intensity of flow events, but also in the variability and frequency of high-and low-flow episodes. Former studies have shown the influence of flow variability upon the dynamics of a resident brown trout population, especially that related to the stream flow regime during spawning, incubation and emerging periods. As these life-stages are known to determine the population dynamics in further ages, stream flow variability appears to be a major influence on the regulation of a wild brown trout
Scientific evidence indicates that freshwater aquatic ecosystems can be protected or restored by recognising that dynamic flow patterns must be maintained within the natural range of variation to promote their integrity and sustainability. An evaluation of the required conditions for healthy functioning needs to begin with a description of natural streamflow patterns.In order to characterise the flow regimes of a group of rivers located in central Spain, data was taken from 25 gauging stations in a major river basin to establish a hydrological grounding upon which to base biological studies. A number of basin variables were also obtained, and this paper considers the relationships that exist between relevant ecohydrological indices and these basin characteristics.Special importance has been attached to low flow characterisation, since these situations are important determining factors for the development and evolution of biological populations. The results show a significant relationship between one of the low flow indices and basin lithology, evapotranspiration and river basin size. Finally, two models have been found which allow low flow volume values to be estimated from these river basin variables. These models can be used to obtain low flow values in river basins where gauging stations do not exist.
RESUMENDentro de las metodologías para el cálculo de un caudal de mantenimiento o ecológico para nuestros ríos, hemos estado utilizando un análisis de caudales históricos. Hemos encontrado un caudal mínimo que, a diferencia de los obtenidos en otros métodos, donde ese caudal representa un determinado valor que ha circulado puntualmente en el río y de forma excepcional, se pretende obtener un caudal bajo que ha estado mantenido en el río durante un periodo largo de días, alrededor de 25. Esta metodología pensamos que es más válida pues tiene mayor sentido biológico, ya que supone unas condiciones perturbadoras continuadas a las que se han tenido que adaptar las poblaciones del río. En este trabajo intentamos relacionar este caudal con variables climáticas, hidrológicas y de la cuenca. También se ha intentado utilizar las clasificaciones de estos ríos, que se han obtenido en estudios anteriores, en los que hemos utilizado este parámetro y otros que nos caractericen el régimen en cuanto a predicibilidad, constancia y estacionalidad de caudales. Dentro de las relaciones encontradas se ha observado que todos los caudales de mantenimiento de todos los ríos presentaban una alta correlación con el caudal medio y la superficie de la cuenca; algunos grupos también se veían influidos por la ETP, y factores erosivos de los utilizados en el método USLE, en los que los valores se tomaron del mapa de estados erosivos de la cuenca del Tajo, correspondientes a las cuencas estudiadas.
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