No abstract

Over the last two decades, there has been an exponential increase in population in many cities globally, posing a challenge in managing and controlling traffic. According to the National Transport and Safety Authority of Kenya, in the year 2020, 134,000 crashes led to 3600 fatalities. During peak hours of traffic, Kenya's average city resident wastes two litres of fuel in traffic daily. Traffic jams result in wastage of time with an average motorist using almost an hour daily. They cause fuel wastage and environmental pollution as a result of the emission of greenhouse gases that cause global warming. Pollution has a devastating effect on human beings, animals, and plants around us. IoT technology is best suited for tackling the problem of traffic management and control in the city. This paper will focus on the design and development of IoT based real-time monitoring framework for the city that also incorporates the use of remote sensing technology. The proposed system has an advantage over other existing methods because it is easy to design, develop and implement; it will reduce the amount of time spent in traffic, will lower the consumption of fuel and the number of fatalities and accidents on the roads.

Waste management has been a challenge to many cities globally. Improper disposal of waste is harmful to human beings, flora, and fauna. In human beings, inappropriate waste disposal results in waterborne diseases such as typhoid and cholera, which are very dangerous. Waste collected and dumped in landfills produces methane gas which is more dangerous than carbon dioxide. Methane is a greenhouse gas, causes global warming, which has severe ramifications for our planet. In this paper, the applicability of IoT in solid garbage collection and monitoring framework for smart cities has been put forward. The proposed system is built using a Raspberry Pi Uno board that is interfaced with a weight sensor, ultrasonic sensor, and a GSM modem. The weight sensor will be placed at the bottom of the garbage bin for weight measurement. The Ultrasonic sensor will be affixed at the top of the garbage bin in order to measure the levels of waste. The Raspberry will have to be programmed in such a manner that when the garbage is almost being filled up, the other remaining level/height from the threshold level will be automatically displayed. When the solid waste in the garbage bin reaches the threshold weight, it will also set off the GSM modem, which will notify the person in charge of garbage collection. The personnel will send a message to the administrator in charge of garbage collection vehicles.