Flexible neuroendoscopic transventricular transforaminal Magendie and Luschka foraminoplasty is feasible and safe. These procedures may prove to be viable alternatives to standard ETV and VP shunt in appropriate patients. Adequate intraoperative assessment of ETV success is necessary to identify patients who will benefit.

Endoscopic transventricular biopsy of the basal cisterns seems to be a safe and a relatively accurate procedure. As longs as frozen subarachnoid space was not seen, the possibilities of performing ETV in hydrocephalus condition are elevated depending on the causal micro-organism.

To compare the resolution rate of hydrocephalus after endoscopy (predominantly endoscopic third ventriculostomy [ETV]) using flexible endoscopes during a 5-year period in patients with a permeable and a nonpermeable subarachnoid space (SAS). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the videos and records of 150 hydrocephalic patients chosen randomly who underwent ETV (and other endoscopic procedures) with a flexible endoscope. The patients were classified into two groups based on the neuroendoscopic findings. The first group included patients with a permeable SAS, and the second group included patients with a nonpermeable SAS. A normal SAS or one with slight arachnoiditis was considered permeable. Adhesive arachnoiditis and immature or mechanically obliterated SASs were considered nonpermeable. We found a success rate of 70% in patients with a permeable SAS versus 33% in patients with a nonpermeable SAS. The baseline characteristics of both groups were homogeneous. We obtained a statistically significant difference ( < 0.0001) with hazard ratio (HR) 3.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.88-6.22). Another important factor involved was age that showed a statistically significant difference ( < 0.0018) with HR 3.28 (95% CI, 1.55-6.93). The permeability of the SAS is an important prognostic factor in the resolution rate of hydrocephalus after ETV (and other endoscopic procedures) using flexible neuroendoscopes. Therefore we recommend that the characteristics of the SAS be examined following every endoscopic procedure for hydrocephalus to identify patients at risk of recurrence.

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The  purpose  of  the study. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted sporting events, which led to the cancellation of games and student-athletes being isolated at home and conducting their training online. The study looked at how student-athletes view themselves and their levels of optimism before and during the pandemic. Materials and methods. The study is a descriptive quantitative research that adapted the constructs of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) and Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Slovin’s formula and stratified random sampling were used to select the respondents. Google Form was used to gather data on the 154 UST-IPEA student-athletes. For data analysis, Microsoft Data Analysis ToolPak was used as statistical software. Results. The results show that the factors of Level of Optimism, namely: Gender, Typology of Sports, and Competitive Level, do not affect the student-athletes Level of Optimism before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the factors of Athletic Identity, namely: Gender, Year Level, and Socioeconomic Status, do not affect the student-athletes’ Athletic Identity before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, one factor that affects the student-athletes’ Athletic Identity during the COVID-19 pandemic is the Typology of Sports. To sum up, the Athletic Identity and Level of Optimism possess a weak correlation. Conclusions. . Based on the results of the study, it is concluded to regularly monitor the student-athletes’ Athletic Identity and Level of Optimism by taking the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) by Brewer & Cornelius (2001) and Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R)).