Due to the improvement of the mechanical properties of polymer composite belts used in vacuum belt conveyors, its perforation process causes a lot of technical issues for manufacturers worldwide. The objective of this paper is to analyze the belt punching process with two cutting edges and present the influence of the piercing punch shape on the perforation force. Based on the analysis, the analytical stress model was derived and validated by using both empirical and FEM tests. The application of the proposed model was proved by presenting the methodology used to estimate the perforation force for the flat piercing punch based on the mechanical properties of the belt obtained from simple strength tests (uniaxial tension, compression, and shear), with an error between 4 and 15%. In this report, the analysis of the piercing punch profiles was made and eight different piercing punch profiles were tested. Presented results confirmed that the spherical bowl punch may be considered as a most effective tool for belt punching, because it reduced the perforation force by 60% and the precision of the created holes was the best among the tested punch profiles for all three groups of polymer composite belts. By combining the obtained results, in the form of shape factors β, with the perforation force approximation model, it is possible to calculate peak force value for the specified tool profile and belt type and use this data in the design process of the punching dies.
Punch optimization is important in improving the technological process of belt perforation. Research about this process can rarely be found in the scientific literature. The objective of this paper is to determine the effective geometry of the piercing punches with a spherical bowl used for polymer composite belts. In order to fulfill this goal, the complex research of the influence of the geometrical features of the piercing punch on the perforation force, the hole quality, and the tool life has been conducted. For derivation of the proposed model, the authors have used the combination of analytical and FEM analyses, along with the experimental tests validation. Based on the results, there are clear correlations between the depth of the spherical bowl punch and the perforation force or the hole diameter deviation. By analyzing the ratio of the perforation and transverse force, we are able to evaluate how the tool life will change for different sets of geometrical parameters. All these correlations have been used to derive the indicators of the perforation force, tool life, and hole quality. Based on those, the optimization function has been specified. Finding the minimum value of this function makes it possible to define the optimal tool geometry. The design of effective tools for belt perforation with diameters D = 5, 6, 8, and 10 mm has been presented, but the obtained characteristic makes it possible to find an optimal solution for any diameter which lays in the range from 3 to 10 mm. Since the model has been built based on the indicators, it is easy to adjust it to match any specific requirements of the belt manufacturers, which makes it useful for tool designers.
Abstract. Due to the wide range of application for belt conveyors, engineers look for many different combinations of mechanical properties of conveyor and transmission belts. It can be made by creating multilayer or fibre reinforced composite materials from base thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers. In order to gain high strength with proper elasticity and friction coefficient, the core of the composite conveyor belt is made of polyamide film core, which can be combined with various types of polymer fabrics, films or even rubbers. In this paper authors show the complex model of multilayer composite belt with the polyamide core, which can be used in simulation analyses. The following model was derived based on the experimental research, which consisted of tensile, compression and shearing tests. In order to achieve the most accurate model, proper simulations in ABAQUS were made and then the results were compared with empirical mechanical characteristics of a conveyor belt. The main goal of this research is to fully describe the perforation process of conveyor and transmission belts for vacuum belt conveyors. The following model will help to develop design briefs for machines used for mechanical perforation.
This article presents the results of experimental research on the mechanical properties of pine wood (Pinus L. Sp. Pl. 1000. 1753). In the course of the research process, stress-strain curves were determined for cases of tensile, compression and shear of standardized shapes samples. The collected data set was used to determine several material constants such as: modulus of elasticity, shear modulus or yield point. The aim of the research was to determine the material properties necessary to develop the model used in the finite element analysis (FEM), which demonstrates the symmetrical nature of the stress distribution in the sample. This model will be used to analyze the process of grinding wood base materials in terms of the peak cutting force estimation and the tool geometry influence determination. The main purpose of the developed model will be to determine the maximum stress value necessary to estimate the destructive force for the tested wood sample. The tests were carried out for timber of around 8.74% and 19.9% moisture content (MC). Significant differences were found between the mechanical properties of wood depending on moisture content and the direction of the applied force depending on the arrangement of wood fibers. Unlike other studies in the literature, this one relates to all three stress states (tensile, compression and shear) in all significant directions (anatomical). To verify the usability of the determined mechanical parameters of wood, all three strength tests (tensile, compression and shear) were mapped in the FEM analysis. The accuracy of the model in determining the maximum destructive force of the material is equal to the average 8% (for tensile testing 14%, compression 2.5%, shear 6.5%), while the average coverage of the FEM characteristic with the results of the strength test in the field of elastic-plastic deformations with the adopted ±15% error overlap on average by about 77%. The analyses were performed in the ABAQUS/Standard 2020 program in the field of elastic-plastic deformations. Research with the use of numerical models after extension with a damage model will enable the design of energy-saving and durable grinding machines.
Abstract:The article presents the results of research on the effect of extrusion tube geometry on the axial force being the key parameter of the dry ice piston extrusion process. The tests were carried out with the experimental set-up based on a cylindrical extrusion tube used alone and supplemented with reducer (orifice). The focus of the experiments was to determine the effect of compression tube reducer on the value of the force of resistance FOP in the dry ice compression process. Its value can subsequently be used as the basis for establishing guidelines for designing and building machines for compression and pelletizing of dry ice.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.