Wprowadzenie i cel pracy. Aktualnym wyzwaniem dla medycyny i dziedzin pokrewnych staje się opracowanie metod i algorytmów postępowania w przypadku rozwoju nowych chorób, do których niewątpliwie należy postcovidowy zespół jelita nadwrażliwego (P-IBS). Niniejszy przegląd ma na celu przedstawienie aktualnych dowodów naukowych dotyczących wpływu choroby koronawirusowej 2019 na rozwój postcovidowego zespołu jelita nadwrażliwego. Metody przeglądu. Przeglądu piśmiennictwa dokonano, wykorzystując dane pochodzące z wyszukiwarek PubMed, Google Scholar oraz bazy danych Medline. Opis stanu wiedzy. Obecnie nie istnieją żadne wytyczne czy rekomendacje dotyczące postępowania terapeutycznego u pacjentów z postcovidowym zespołem jelita nadwrażliwego. Stąd też dokonano przeglądu ogólnego standardu leczenia pacjentów z zespołem jelita nadwrażliwego (IBS). Uznaje się, że dobrym wsparciem w terapii IBS może być zastosowanie spersonalizowanej diety low-FODMAP pod kontrolą dietetyka klinicznego. Ponadto celowe wydaje się wdrożenie personalizowanej terapii probiotycznej opartej na suplementacji szczepów o udowodnionym działaniu klinicznym. Duże nadzieje rodzi również nowa gałąź probiotykoterapii, oparta na zastosowaniu psychobiotyków, jako forma wsparcia terapii pacjentów z IBS. Podsumowanie. Zastosowanie u pacjentów spersonalizowanej diety low-FODMAP oraz celowanej probiotykoterapii, a w tym psychobiotykoterapii, może stanowić skuteczną metodę wsparcia leczenia pacjentów cierpiących na postcovidowy zespół jelita nadwrażliwego. Aktualnie nie istnieją żadne wytyczne dotyczące rutynowego stosowania wymienionych metod. Wskazuje się na potrzebę prowadzenia dalszych badań naukowych nad mechanizmami działania i skuteczności interwencji w kontekście P-IBS.
A direct association between health-related quality of life (HQoL) and nutrition remains unclear, although lifestyle habits are known to impact on human health. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate an association between dietary habits, such as vegetable and fruit consumption, in particular, and HQoL. SF-36 (RAND-SF-36) and the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN) were addressed to Polish pharmacists with a valid professional license. After the preliminary verification, 667 pharmacists were included into the study, and altogether, 11 questions from the KomPAN questionnaire and all RAND-SF-36 multiple choice questions were processed for statistical analysis. All HQoL scores, excluding physical functioning and role-physical, were significantly higher in the group declaring fruit consumption ≥1 time per day (p < 0.005), while physical functioning (p = 0.008) and general health (p = 0.03) were significantly higher in the group declaring vegetable consumption ≥1 time per day. Thus, there is indeed a positive association between vegetable and fruit consumption and HQoL. Increased fruit intake could certainly impact on the health-related quality of life of Polish pharmacists, primarily in terms of mental functioning, while increased vegetable intake could impact in terms of physical functioning.
Introduction and Objective. The latest scientific reports showed that there is a relationship between the state of the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system, and the incidence of COVID-19. Diet can exert an immunomodulatory effect and regulate the immune response of an organism. The aim of the review is to show the effects of immunomodulators contained/supplemented in a diet on the infection SARS-CoV-2 and the course of COVID-19. Review Methods. The literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and the Medline database. Results. Regular vitamin D supplementation significantly reduces the risk of respiratory infection with SARS-CoV-2; vitamin C may inhibit the expression of the ACE2 receptor in human small alveolar epithelial cells and limit the penetration of SARS-CoV-2; reduced iron levels predispose people to severe COVID-19 symptoms; selenium deficiency may be responsible for a decreased level of antibodies and NK cell cytotoxicity. Aloë vera isolated polysaccharides strengthens the immune system; the quercetin and ellagic acid in combination with virus proteins show potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Subsequently, adaptogens, ginger, echinacea and curcumin -showed anti-inflammatory effects. Also, the optimal composition of the gut microbiota improved/maintained the integrity of the lymphoid tissue found in the gastrointestinal tract (GALT) and the functioning of the gut-pulmonary axis. Summary. Natural immunomodulators may be a relatively safe therapeutic option in patients during the course of COVID-19, but there are still no official recommendations for their practical use in therapy. It should be emphasized that there is a need for further scientific research into the mechanisms of action and efficacy of phytotherapy in the context of the effectiveness of plant-based immunostimulants in alleviating the course of COVID-19 disease.
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