Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grading is subjective and affected by substantial rates of discordance among pathologists. Although recent studies have suggested that p16INK4a may be a useful surrogate biomarker of cervical neoplasia, Ki-67 and human papillomavirus testing have also been shown to be useful in detecting neoplasia. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of p16INK4a and Ki-67 in cervical neoplasia and its correlations with cofactors. Methods: The study involved 69 patients with and without cervical neoplasia who underwent colposcopic directed biopsy. On each patient, two samples were taken; the first was used for immunohistochemistry and the second for molecular testing, using HPV16and18 genotyping Real-Time PCR Kit. Results: The study revealed the expression level of p16INK4a and Ki-67 in a descending order, from invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), CIN2/3, CIN1 and non-dysplastic lesions. Correlations showed an association between the staining of p16NK4a and Ki-67 with the increase of age (OR: 1.79 (95%IC: 0.49-6.55), p = 0.037) and marital status (OR: 0.17 (95%IC: 0.04-0.68), p = 0.003). We found that the expressions of p16INK4a and Ki-67 were significantly different between invasive SCC vs non-dysplasia (OR: 44.57 (95%IC: 4.91-403.91), p<0.0001). The study showed significant correlation between HPV 16and18 infection with p16 INK4a and Ki-67 expression (OR: 0.13 (95%IC: 0.03-0.52), p<0.0001). Strong expression of p16INK4a and Ki-67 were observed in invasive squamous cell carcinoma, moderate staining was found in CIN2/3, weak staining in CIN1 and normal histology. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that p16INK4a and Ki-67 expressions associated strongly with cervical pathology. Therefore, p16/Ki-67 could be considered as a suitable biomarker for cervical cancer screening, particularly in HPV-based screening programs.

Background Cervical cancer is a major public health problem. In 2018, globally 569,847 cervical cancer were diagnosed and 311,000 deaths were projected due to this preventable disease. Worldwide, therefore, the cervical cancer disease ranks as the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women in 2018. The high rate of dysplasia in Senegal and the absence of well-organized screening programs informed this study, which aims to determine the prevalence of cervical dysplasia and its relationship to biological and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods This study is based on 1000 conventional smears collected during routine cervical cancer screening at the Gaspard Camara Health Center and the Histology - Embryology and Cytogenetics Laboratory of the Cheikh Anta DIOP University in Dakar. The smears were read according to the Bethesda and Richart systems. However, all data were returned to the Bethesda system using the correspondence table between the different classifications of squamous cell lesions of the cervix. Some of the patients with abnormal smears had colposcopy and if necessary a biopsy. Other patients with low-grade lesions were recommended to have their smears resumed in 6 months or 1 year later. Results Cytological analysis was performed for 1000 patients aged 16 to 82 years (mean age = 41 ± 11.16). Among these, 176 patients had abnormal smears, 23 had Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS), 143 had a low-grade lesion, 9 had a high-grade lesion and 1 had carcinoma. Among the remaining 822 patients, cytological analysis revealed no suspected malignant lesions, but 623 among them had dystrophy and 2 were unsatisfactory. Among patients with abnormal smears, 104 patients (23 ASCUS + 71 low grade + 9 high grade + 1 carcinoma) had performed colposcopy, 40 of whom had normal colposcopy and 64 had abnormalities. Sixty-four (64) biopsies were performed. Four (4) were not satisfactory. However, for 26/60 biopsies, the histology was normal, 21/60 had a low grade, 11 displayed a high grade and only 2 had carcinoma. Among the 176 patients with abnormal smears, 72 low-grade patients had undergone cytological examination 6 months to 1 year later to determine the persistence, regression or progression of low-grade dysplasia. During follow-up, persistence was observed in 25% (n = 18) of cases, progression to High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was detected in 2.78% (n = 2), while 72.22% (n = 52) of the patients experienced regression. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of abnormal smear was 17.60% for cytology. Meanwhile, the Colposcopy and histology confirmed just 3.40%. These results underline the interest and need for a review of the discrepancies observed between pathologists.

Background: Cervical cancer is the first gynecological cancer in Senegal with 1,195 new cases per year and an annual mortality of around 66% (LISCA, 2019). Mitochondrial involvement in the process of apoptosis and tumorigenesis has been analyzed previously from different cancer, and from analyses, 21 sites polymorphisms of the Cox genes (including CoxI, CoxII and CoxIII) contributed to dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory function and have been associated with sensitivity to cancers such as prostate cancer(Green, 1998)(Cavali and Liang, 1998). These data stimulated interest in examining the potential role of mtDNA mutation of host inprogression and maintenance to cancer stades.The aim of thisstudy is to analyse the polymorphism of COXI gene from biopsies of cervical cancer in Senegalese subjects. Methods: In this study, polymorphisms of mitochondrial Cox1 gene were highlighted in 65 patients with cervical cancer women admitted to Aristide Hospital Le Dantec-Julio Curie Institute. Clinical and socidemographical data wer recorded.The total DNA of the tissues was extracted using the Standard Qiagen method (Kit QiagenDneasy Tissue), and subsequently used as template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At all 65 CoxI sequences were edited by Genalys PPC V.5.0.03,-Masasumi et al, 1996), BioEdit version 7.2.0 software (Hall, 1997) and ClustalW algorithm (Thomson et al., 1994).Genetic parameters were determined using DnaSP v5.10,MEGA v7.0.26, MEGA v 7.0.26, and Arlequin V 3.5.13 softwares were used to determine genetic parameters. Genetic variation variation according to epidemiological parameters were deterlined using Fst values (index of genetic differenciation and genetic structure (AMOVA) were determined using Arlequinversion 3.5.13 Results:167 variations including 163 substitutions and 4 deletions were found. Of these, 19 have already been described in other studies and deposited in the MITOMAP database. The Mitochondrial haplogroup U is the most common African haplogroup in this study. 58 transitions sites and 41 transversions sites of CoxI were recored. In this gene, it appears that the haplotypic diversity is higher (Hd = 0.9931 +/-0.048) than that of the nucleotide (Pi) which has a value equal to 0.09227 +/-0.045. Analysis of the mismatch distribution curves (Fig 1) of cancerous tissues under the assumption of an expanding population gives a multimodal appearance