Rev Panam Salud Publica 41, 20171 Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO, que permite su uso, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio, siempre que el trabajo original se cite de la manera adecuada. No se permiten modificaciones a los artículos ni su uso comercial. Al reproducir un artículo no debe haber ningún indicio de que la OPS o el artículo avalan a una organización o un producto específico. El uso del logo de la OPS no está permitido. Esta leyenda debe conservarse, junto con la URL original del artículo. Existe consenso acerca de que los enfoques de intervención individual no son suficientes para mejorar conductas de la población (1). Así, la noción de ambiente alimentario (AA) ha ganado espacio en la literatura que estudia la conducta alimentaria (CA), al constituir un factor fundamental que interviene, mediante la facilitación o la obstaculización, la elección y el consumo de alimentos (2-4). De esta forma, la conducta de un individuo solo puede orientarse a realizar elecciones alimentarias saludables si cuenta con un ambiente con disponibilidad y acceso a los alimentos (2, 5).Entonces, estudiar los AA se vuelve imperante, para comprender cómo las conductas individuales son condicionadas por contextos mayores y para orientar intervenciones nutricionales colectivas implementadas en el nivel local, regional o nacional. De esta manera, la elaboración de modelos conceptuales integradores, con pertinencia nacional, permite comprender RESUMEN Objetivo. Describir una propuesta de modelo conceptual para sistematizar los factores que condicionan los ambientes alimentarios y la forma en que estos se expresan en la conducta alimentaria de la población chilena. Métodos. Estudio realizado en Chile que incluyó cuatro etapas secuenciales e iterativas Palabras claveAmbiente; conducta alimentaria; determinantes sociales de la salud; Chile.
Instruments to assess functional capacity and the presence of frailty in older peopleBackground: The evaluation of functional capacity and the presence of frailty is an essential prognostic indicator in older people. Aim: To explore the instruments used to characterize the intrinsic functional capacity (CFI) and frailty in elderly people cared at Primary Health Care Centers (PHC) in Chile. Material and Methods: A narrative review of national and international scientific literature was carried out, including observational studies published in Pubmed (since 2015) and Scielo (since 2010) about tools to assess CFI or frailty. Studies in English or Spanish carried out in Chilean beneficiaries of PHC aged 60 years and over, were included. Results: After the first search, 110 articles were selected in Pubmed and 86 in Scielo. According to the relevance of the title and abstract, 36 articles were preliminarily screened, of which 25 were selected for full reading, 12 of which were finally included in this review. In Chile, the main instrument used to assess CFI is the Functional Examination of the Elderly (EFAM). There are few national studies to assess frailty and the instruments used are mainly based on the Fried criteria and the FTI (Frailty Tilburg Indicator). The reviewed studies suggest improving the coverage and reconsidering the predictive capacity of the measurements used for the assessment of CFI and frailty in older people, suggesting the incorporation of handgrip strength as a predictor of frailty. Conclusions: The main instruments to assess CFI and frailty in older people cared in PHC in Chile are the EFAM, and the Fried and FTI criteria, respectively.
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