Infection and rejection remain the most common complications following LuTx with many other events to be considered.
Bacterial infection remains a major problem after solid organ transplantation (SOT), especially in children. Piperacillin-tazobactam (Pip-Tazo) is a beta-lactam-antibiotic combination with a broad spectrum of activity including gram-positive cocci as well as gram-negative rods, non-fermentative and anaerobic bacteria. The aim of this retrospective study was to critically review our experience with Pip-Tazo as perioperative prophylactic agent in pediatric non-renal SOT. Between 1993 and 2003 Pip-Tazo was used as initial perioperative prophylaxis in 45 pediatric patients who underwent a total of 49 transplants (36 liver-, seven cardiac-, two lung-, and four small bowel-) at our department. Median age of the children was 7.9 (range 0.5-18.1) years. A total of 34 rejection episodes following 27 transplants were diagnosed. During first hospitalization 44 infectious episodes were observed. Bacteria were responsible for 22 episodes including sepsis (n = 10), pneumonia (n = 5), wound infection (n = 4), urinary tract infection (n = 1), and clostridial colitis (n = 2). The isolated organisms were gram-positive cocci (n = 12), gram-negative rods (n = 3), non-fermentative bacilli (n = 4), and anaerobes (n = 3). Ten episodes were caused by Pip-Tazo resistant bacteria. Twenty-one of these infections were observed following antirejection therapy with pulse steroids. At later time points nine infectious episodes were successfully treated with a second course of Pip-Tazo. During follow up, eight patients died. Six deceased perioperatively: five from infection including aspergillosis (n = 4) and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (n = 1) and cerebrovascular bleeding (n = 1) and two children later on. At present 37 children (82%) are alive with well functioning graft after a median follow up of 39.2 (range 0.6-123.5) months. No severe side effects caused by Pip-Tazo were observed in any of the children. Pip-Tazo may be a suitable single agent for perioperative prophylaxis in pediatric non-renal solid organs recipients, however, a prospective comparative study is needed to make final conclusions.
Ertapenem in der Infektionsprophylaxe bei OrganempfängernZusammenfassung. Grundlagen: Infektionen sind die hä ufigsten Komplikationen nach Organtransplantationen. Bakterien gehö ren zu den hä ufigsten Erregern, wobei Entwicklung von Resistenzen gegen Antibiotika Anlass zu besonderer Sorge gibt. Ertapenem, ein neues Antibiotikum der Carbapenemgruppe mit langer Halbwertszeit, wurde kü rzlich in die klinische Praxis eingefü hrt. Methodik: Zwischen Jä nner 2004 und Dezember 2004 wurden an der Innsbrucker Universitä tsklinik insgesamt 50 Leber-und 32 Pankreastransplantationen durchgefü hrt. Vier Leber-und zwei Pankreasempfä nger erhielten eine Prophylaxe oder Therapie mit Ertapenem. Ergebnisse: Fü nf Mä nner und eine Frau mit einem mittleren Alter von 45 Jahren wurden mit Ertapenem behandelt. Die Immunsuppression bestand in einer Induktionstherapie mit ATG im Falle der zwei Pankreasempfä nger und mit IL-2 Rezeptorantagonisten bei den drei Leberempfä ngern, gefolgt von Takrolimus, Mycophenolat Mofetil und Steroiden bei fü nf Patienten. Ein Leberempfä nger erhielt Cyclosporin A, Mycophenolat Mofetil und Steroide ohne Induktionstherapie. Beide Pankreasempfä nger wurden wegen Transplantatpankreatitis und intraabdomineller Infektion mit Ertapenem behandelt. Der erste Leberempfä nger erhielt Ertapenem prophylaktisch wä hrend einer Relaparotomie wegen intraabdomineller Blutung am zehnten postoperativen Tag. Der zweite und dritte Patient erhielten Ertapenem wegen Fieber unbekannter Ursache und der letzte Patient wegen einer Pneumonie mit extended-spectrum-betalactamase (ESBL) produzierenden Klebsiellen. Fü nf Infektionsepisoden wurden erfolgreich behandelt; der letzte Patient verstarb an einer Sepsis durch Endokarditis, hervorgerufen durch die vorher isolierte ESBL-produzierende Klebsiella terrigena. Ein anderer Patient verstarb acht Monate spä ter an einer Aspergillose. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese erste Serie von Leber-und Pankreasempfä ngern, welche Ertapenem erhielten, zeigt, dass dieses neue Carbapenem bei Transplantatempfä ngern einsetzbar ist, insbesondere bei Verdacht auf ESBLproduzierende Stä mme oder wenn aerob-anaerobe Mischinfektionen vorliegen. Bei Infektionen mit ESBL produzierenden Keimen scheint eine verlä ngerte Antibiotikatherapie notwendig. Schlü sselwö rter: Lebertransplantation, Pankreastransplantation, Carbapenem, Ertapenem, Infektionen.Summary. Background: Infection remains the most common complication of solid organ transplantation (SOT) and bacteria are the most common causing organisms. Development of resistance gives reasons for concern. Ertapenem, a new carbapenem with long half life has recently been introduced in clinical practice.Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2004 a total of 50 liver-and 32 pancreas transplants were performed at the Innsbruck Medical University Hospital. Four liver and two pancreas recipients received Ertapenem for prophylaxis or treatment of bacterial infections.Results: There were five men and one woman with a mean age of 45 (range 32-60) years. Immunosuppression con...
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