Coronal sections of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) were studied in 13 preserved cadaveric wrists specimens before and after 2 mm of shortening of the ulna. The DRUJs were subclassified on the basis of the DRUJ angle and depth of the sigmoid notch. The changes in extent and location of area of contact and radioulnar separation were noted. Although reduction in area of contact occurred in every specimen and DRUJ type, the maximum radioulnar separation and reduction in area of contact occurred in the DRUJ type IB and IIB. This could be a possible factor producing point loading and subsequent occurrence of DRUJ remodelling in the long-term after shortening of the ulna.

The safe and successful performance of a central venous catheterization (CVC) requires a specific knowledge of anatomy in addition to a working knowledge. Misunderstanding the anatomy may result in failure or complications. This review aims to aid understanding of the anatomical framework, pitfalls, and complications of CVC of the subclavian (SCV). CVC is common practice amongst surgeons, anesthesiologists, and emergency room physicians during the preparations for major surgical procedures such as open-heart surgery, as well as, for intensive care monitoring and rapid restoration of blood volume. Associated with this technique are certain anatomical pitfalls and complications that can be successfully avoided if one possesses a thorough knowledge of the contraindications, regional anatomy, and rationale of the technique.

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Results of this study show that the volar cortex was statistically, significantly thicker than the dorsal cortex. We believe that the volar cortex may behave as the calcar of the distal radius and hence internal fixation devices applied to the volar cortex may provide a more stable internal fixation compared to those based on the dorsal cortex.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty cannot be used for lesions of the superficial femoral artery when the origin of the vessel is occluded. A new technique, retrograde femoral angioplasty, is described in which angioplasty is performed from below via the exposed popliteal artery. In four out of six patients retrograde femoral angioplasty was successfully completed, and three of the four vessels remain patent up to 1 year later. The method provides an alternative to the femoropopliteal bypass graft in some patients.